Atg9A Protein, an Autophagy-related Membrane Protein, Is Localized in the Neurons of Mouse Brains
Atg9A Protein, an Autophagy-related Membrane Protein, Is Localized in the Neurons of Mouse Brains
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DOI：
10.1369/jhc.2010.955690
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发表时间：
2010-02
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Hirosumi Tamura;M. Shibata;M. Koike;M. Sasaki;Y. Uchiyama
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hirosumi Tamura;M. Shibata;M. Koike;M. Sasaki;Y. Uchiyama
旧的和不需要的细胞内大分子通过自噬传递到溶酶体，溶酶体将大分子降解成生物活性单体，如氨基酸。自噬在真核生物中是保守的，并且对于维持细胞代谢是必需的。目前，在酵母中已经鉴定出30多个自噬相关基因（Atgs）。在这些基因中，自噬体形成所必需的18个基因在哺乳动物细胞中也是保守的。Atg 9是自噬体形成所需的唯一跨膜Atg蛋白。虽然Atg 9A蛋白（Atg 9Ap）的亚细胞定位已被检查，但对其精确的细胞和组织分布知之甚少。为了确定这一点，我们产生了对小鼠Atg 9Ap具有特异性的抗体。该抗体识别非糖基化和糖基化Atg 9Ap，其分子量分别为×94 kDa和105 kDa。虽然Atg 9Ap被普遍检测到，但它在中枢神经系统的神经元中高度表达。在浦肯野细胞中，Atg 9Ap免疫反应位于内质网（ER），trans-Golgi网络（TGN），溶酶体/晚期内体，和轴突终末。这些结果表明，Atg 9Ap可能参与自噬体的形成在ER和轴突终末的神经元，TGN，和溶酶体/晚期内体。
Old and unneeded intracellular macromolecules are delivered through autophagy to lysosomes that degrade macromolecules into bioactive monomers such as amino acids. Autophagy is conserved in eukaryotes and is essential for the maintenance of cellular metabolism. Currently, more than 30 autophagy-related genes (Atgs) have been identified in yeast. Of these genes, the 18 that are essential for autophagosome formation are also conserved in mammalian cells. Atg9 is the only transmembrane Atg protein required for autophagosome formation. Although the subcellular localization of the Atg9A protein (Atg9Ap) has been examined, little is known about its precise cell and tissue distribution. To determine this, we produced an antibody specific to mouse Atg9Ap. The antibody recognized both non-glycosylated and glycosylated Atg9Ap, which have molecular masses of ×94 kDa and 105 kDa, respectively. Although Atg9Ap was ubiquitously detected, it was highly expressed in neurons of the central nervous system. In Purkinje cells, Atg9Ap immunoreactivity was localized in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), trans-Golgi network (TGN), lysosomes/late endosomes, and in axon terminals. These results suggest that Atg9Ap may be involved in autophagosome formation in the ER and axon terminals of neurons, the TGN, and lysosomes/late endosomes.