THE COADAPTATION OF PARENTAL AND OFFSPRING CHARACTERS
THE COADAPTATION OF PARENTAL AND OFFSPRING CHARACTERS
复制标题
父母和后代性格的相互适应
DOI：
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发表时间：
1998
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
E. Brodie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Wolf;E. Brodie
父母通常对其后代的性状和/或适应性有重要影响（即，母亲或父亲的影响）。当后代适应度由后代和亲本性状的共同影响决定时，选择可能会倾向于产生高后代适应度的特定组合。我们发现，这种上位性的父母和后代的基因型之间的适应性，可以导致其联合分布的演变，产生遗传相关性的父母和后代的字符。这种现象可以被看作是一个共适应的过程中，后代基因型进化的功能与父母提供的环境，反过来，这种环境的基因变得与特定的后代基因适应它。为了说明这一点，我们提出了两种情况下，选择后代单独改变之间的相关性的母亲和后代的字符。我们使用一个定量的遗传母体效应模型结合一个简单的二次模型的健身研究的变化，在母亲和后代的基因型之间的连锁不平衡。在第一种情况下，稳定选择的母系影响的后代字符的结果是在符号相反的母系效应的遗传相关性。在第二种情况下，对表现出非加性母体效应的后代性状的定向选择可以导致性状之间正协方差的选择。这种形式的选择也会导致母体和后代性状的遗传变异增加，在极端情况下，可能会促进宿主种族的形成或物种形成。这个模型为母体和后代性状之间普遍存在的大的遗传相关性提供了一个可能的进化解释，并表明这种共同遗传的模式可能反映了这些性状之间的功能关系（即，功能集成）。
Parents often have important influences on their offspring's traits and/or fitness (i.e., maternal or paternal effects). When offspring fitness is determined by the joint influences of offspring and parental traits, selection may favor particular combinations that generate high offspring fitness. We show that this epistasis for fitness between the parental and offspring genotypes can result in the evolution of their joint distribution, generating genetic correlations between the parental and offspring characters. This phenomenon can be viewed as a coadaptive process in which offspring genotypes evolve to function with the parentally provided environment and, in turn, the genes for this environment become associated with specific offspring genes adapted to it. To illustrate this point, we present two scenarios in which selection on offspring alone alters the correlation between a maternal and an offspring character. We use a quantitative genetic maternal effect model combined with a simple quadratic model of fitness to examine changes in the linkage disequilibrium between the maternal and offspring genotypes. In the first scenario, stabilizing selection on a maternally affected offspring character results in a genetic correlation that is opposite in sign to the maternal effect. In the second scenario, directional selection on an offspring trait that shows a nonadditive maternal effect can result in selection for positive covariances between the traits. This form of selection also results in increased genetic variation in maternal and offspring characters, and may, in the extreme case, promote host‐race formation or speciation. This model provides a possible evolutionary explanation for the ubiquity of large genetic correlations between maternal and offspring traits, and suggests that this pattern of coinheritance may reflect functional relationships between these characters (i.e., functional integration).