Functional neuroimaging of speech perception during a pivotal period in language acquisition
Functional neuroimaging of speech perception during a pivotal period in language acquisition
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00674.x
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Courchesne, Eric
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Redcay, Elizabeth;Haist, Frank;Courchesne, Eric
语言发展的关键时期发生在生命的第二年，此时语言理解能力急剧加速。然而，这些进步的大脑基础仍然是推测性的，因为目前还没有来自这个年龄的健康、通常正在发育的幼儿的功能磁共振成像 (fMRI) 数据。我们通过测量 10 名幼儿（平均值 +/- SD；21 +/- 4 个月）和 10 名 3 岁儿童（39 +/- 3 个月）在自然睡眠期间被动言语理解过程中的功能磁共振成像活动，研究了这一关键年龄阶段言语理解的神经基础。在睡眠期间，孩子们会听到以 20 秒为单位的向前和向后的语音片段，中间有 20 秒的无声音呈现时间段。与三岁儿童相比，幼儿的额叶、枕叶和小脑区域对前方言语的反应明显更活跃。我们的结果表明，除了经典的颞上语言区之外，在生命的第二年快速语言习得可能还需要利用额叶、小脑和枕叶区域。这些发现与交互专业化假说一致，该假说认为认知能力是通过大脑区域的相互作用发展起来的，这些区域包括并延伸到成人大脑所使用的区域之外。
A pivotal period in the development of language occurs in the second year of life, when language comprehension undergoes rapid acceleration. However, the brain bases of these advances remain speculative as there is currently no functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data from healthy, typically developing toddlers at this age. We investigated the neural basis of speech comprehension in this critical age period by measuring fMRI activity during passive speech comprehension in 10 toddlers (mean +/- SD; 21 +/- 4 mo) and 10 3-year-old children (39 +/- 3 mo) during natural sleep. During sleep, the children were presented passages of forward and backward speech in 20-second blocks separated by 20-second periods of no sound presentation. Toddlers produced significantly greater activation in frontal, occipital, and cerebellar regions than 3-year-old children in response to forward speech. Our results suggest that rapid language acquisition during the second year of life may require the utilization of frontal, cerebellar, and occipital regions in addition to classical superior temporal language areas. These findings are consistent with the interactive specialization hypothesis, which proposes that cognitive abilities develop from the interaction of brain regions that include and extend beyond those used in the adult brain.