Influence of basements, garages, and common hallways on indoor residential volatile organic compound concentrations
Influence of basements, garages, and common hallways on indoor residential volatile organic compound concentrations
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DOI：
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.10.088
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Bennett, Deborah H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Dodson, Robin E.;Levy, Jonathan I.;Bennett, Deborah H.
由于住宅内的来源或活动，许多挥发性有机化合物（VOCS）在住宅内的浓度往往高于室外。这些光源可以直接位于家庭的生活空间或与家庭相关的区域，如附属车库、地下室或公共公寓走廊。作为波士顿微环境暴露评估（BEAM）研究的一部分，研究人员测量了波士顿地区55户居民公寓的室内、室外以及附属车库、地下室或公共走廊的VOC浓度，大部分时间超过两个季节。在研究的55个住宅中，11个有车库和地下室，24个只有地下室，另外10个有公共公寓走廊，剩下的10个被视为单间住宅。车库中苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯等流动源污染物的浓度中位数比室内高1 ~ 5 ~ 10倍。二氯甲烷、乙苯、m、对二甲苯和邻二甲苯的地下室/室内浓度比显著大于1，且夏季浓度比高于冬季浓度。大约20-40%的室内与汽油源有关的化合物浓度，如甲基丁基醚（MTBE）、苯、甲苯、乙苯和二甲苯，可归因于住宅的所有附属车库，与住宅一楼横向连接的车库影响更大。在中位数上，地下室约占室内估计浓度的10-20%。对于公寓来说，大约5-10%的室内空气集中在走廊前面。使用浓度和气流估计来计算这些次要区域对家庭生活区域浓度的贡献。我们的研究结果从暴露的角度说明了这些非生活空间的潜在意义，并提出了可能有效的缓解措施。(C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Concentrations of many volatile organic compounds (VOCS) are often higher inside residences than outdoors as a result of sources or activities within the residences. These sources can be located directly in the living space of the home or in areas associated with the home such as an attached garage, basement, or common apartment hallway. To characterize the contributions front these areas to indoor residential concentrations, VOC concentrations were measured inside, outside, and, if present, in the attached garage, basement, or common hallway of an apartment of 55 residences in the Boston area, most over two seasons, as part of the Boston Exposure Assessment in Microenvironments (BEAM) Study. Of the 55 residences in the study, 11 had attached garages and basements, 24 had only basements, 10 other residences had common apartment hallways, and the remaining 10 were treated as single compartment residences. Concentrations in the garage were LIP to 5-10 times higher at the median than indoor concentrations for mobile source pollutants including benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes. Basement/indoor concentration ratios were significantly > 1 for methylene chloride, ethylbenzene, m,p-xylene, and o-xylene, and summer ratios tended to be higher than winter ratios. Approximately, 20-40% of the indoor concentration for compounds associated with gasoline sources, such as methyl t-butyl ether (MTBE), benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes, can be attributed to all attached garage at the residence, with garages laterally attached to the first floor of the home having a larger impact. At the median, basements contributed to approximately 10-20% of the estimated indoor concentrations. For apartments, approximately 5-10% of the estimated indoor concentrations confer with air front the hallway. Contributions of these secondary zones to concentrations in the living area of a home were calculated using concentration and airflow estimates. Our findings illustrate the potential significance of these non-living spaces from in exposure perspective and suggest potentially effective mitigation measures. (C) 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.