Hierarchical nature of morphological integration and modularity in the human posterior face
Hierarchical nature of morphological integration and modularity in the human posterior face
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DOI：
10.1002/ajpa.20191
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发表时间：
2005-09-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Rosas, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bastir, M;Rosas, A
形态整合和模块化是进化和生物形态发展的重要交汇点。整合的识别和量化也越来越受到古人类学的关注。在这项研究中，分析了144名来自三个不同地理区域的成年人的“后面部”，即下颌升支及其与相关的中线和外侧颅骨的整合。用Procrstes几何形态计量学、偏最小二乘法和奇异翘曲分析对“后脸”成分均匀普遍形态整合的零假设进行了检验。结果显示，在整合方面存在显著的统计学差异。只有松散的整合关系被发现之间的基础颅骨中线和外侧成分，这可能表明存在至少两个不同的基本颅底模块。这种模块化可以根据这些基本颅骨结构的发育过程中的时空解离来解释，并支持人类外侧和中线基骨的独立系统发育修改的假说。此外，颅中窝和下颌升支之间的形态整合在统计学上明显强于升支和中线颅底之间的整合。这一发现证实了先前的“岩下颌单位”假设，这可能是人形进化中后面部和底部的冠状拓扑结构中众所周知的系统进化修改的发展结果，与中颅窝扩张有关。这个单位可能与人类头面部系统后来的进化趋势有关。
Morphological integration and modularity are important points of intersection between evolution and the development of organismal form. Identification and quantification of integration are also of increasing paleoanthropological interest. In this study, the "posterior face," i.e., the mandibular ramus and its integration with the associated midline and lateral basicranium, is analyzed in lateral radiographs of 144 adult humans from three different geographic regions. The null hypothesis of homogenously pervasive morphological integration among "posterior-face" components is tested with Procrustes geometric morphometrics, partial least squares, and singular warps analysis. The results reveal statistically significant differences in integration. Only loose integrative relationships are found between midline and lateral components of the basicranium, which may indicate the presence of at least two different basicranial modules. This modularity can be interpreted in terms of spatiotemporal dissociation in the development of those basicranial structures, and gives support to hypotheses of independent phylogenetic modifications at the lateral and midline basicranium in humans. In addition, morphological integration was statistically significantly stronger between the middle cranial fossa and the mandibular ramus than between the ramus and the midline cranial base. This finding confirms previous hypotheses of a "petroso-mandibular unit," which could be a developmental consequence of well-known phylogenetic modifications in coronal topology of the posterior face and base in hominoid evolution, related to middle cranial fossa expansion. This unit could be involved in later evolutionary tendencies in the hominid craniofacial system.