Laser-Induced Graphene Electrochemical Immunosensors for Rapid and Label-Free Monitoring of Salmonella enterica in Chicken Broth
Laser-Induced Graphene Electrochemical Immunosensors for Rapid and Label-Free Monitoring of Salmonella enterica in Chicken Broth
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DOI：
10.1021/acssensors.9b02345
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发表时间：
2020-07-24
期刊：
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Gomes, Carmen L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Soares, Raquel R. A.;Hjort, Robert G.;Gomes, Carmen L.
食源性疾病是食品行业和消费者日益关注的问题，每年报告的病例数以百万计。因此，迫切需要开发用于病原体检测的快速、灵敏和廉价的技术，以减轻该问题。然而，目前的病原体检测策略主要包括耗时的实验室方法和训练有素的人员。电化学现场生物传感器为实验室技术提供了快速、低成本的替代方案，但这些生物传感器中使用的电极需要昂贵的纳米材料来增加其灵敏度，例如贵金属（例如，铂，金）或碳纳米材料（例如，碳纳米管或石墨烯）。在此，我们报告了一种高灵敏度和无标记的激光诱导石墨烯（LIG）电极的制造，该电极随后用抗体进行功能化，以电化学定量食源性病原体肠道沙门氏菌鼠伤寒血清型。LIG电极通过在环境条件下在聚酰亚胺膜上激光感应产生，因此避免了对通常与通过化学气相沉积工艺制造的石墨烯基电极相关的高温、真空环境和金属种子催化剂的需要。在用沙门氏菌抗体功能化后，LIG生物传感器能够在宽线性范围（25至10（5）CFU mL（-1））内检测鸡汤中的活沙门氏菌，并且具有低检测限（13 +/-7 CFU mL（-1）; n = 3，平均值+/-标准偏差）。这些结果获得的平均响应时间为22分钟，而不需要样品预浓缩或氧化还原标记技术。此外，这些LIG免疫传感器显示出高选择性，表现为对其他细菌菌株的非显著响应。这些结果表明，基于LIG的电极通常可用于电化学免疫传感，更具体地说，可以用作在受污染的食品到达消费者之前在食品加工设施中进行快速和低成本病原体检测的可行选择。
Food-borne illnesses are a growing concern for the food industry and consumers, with millions of cases reported every year. Consequently, there is a critical need to develop rapid, sensitive, and inexpensive techniques for pathogen detection in order to mitigate this problem. However, current pathogen detection strategies mainly include time-consuming laboratory methods and highly trained personnel. Electrochemical in-field biosensors offer a rapid, low-cost alternative to laboratory techniques, but the electrodes used in these biosensors require expensive nanomaterials to increase their sensitivity, such as noble metals (e.g., platinum, gold) or carbon nanomaterials (e.g., carbon nanotubes, or graphene). Herein, we report the fabrication of a highly sensitive and label-free laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrode that is subsequently functionalized with antibodies to electrochemically quantify the food-borne pathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The LIG electrodes were produced by laser induction on the polyimide film in ambient conditions and, hence, circumvent the need for high-temperature, vacuum environment, and metal seed catalysts commonly associated with graphene-based electrodes fabricated via chemical vapor deposition processes. After functionalization with Salmonella antibodies, the LIG biosensors were able to detect live Salmonella in chicken broth across a wide linear range (25 to 10(5) CFU mL(-1)) and with a low detection limit (13 +/- 7 CFU mL(-1); n = 3, mean +/- standard deviation). These results were acquired with an average response time of 22 min without the need for sample preconcentration or redox labeling techniques. Moreover, these LIG immunosensors displayed high selectivity as demonstrated by nonsignificant response to other bacteria strains. These results demonstrate how LIG-based electrodes can be used for electrochemical immunosensing in general and, more specifically, could be used as a viable option for rapid and low-cost pathogen detection in food processing facilities before contaminated foods reach the consumer.