The mental representation of the human gait in young and older adults.
The mental representation of the human gait in young and older adults.
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00943
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Mau-Moeller A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Stöckel T;Jacksteit R;Behrens M;Skripitz R;Bader R;Mau-Moeller A
心理表征（MREP）结构和运动表现之间的联系已在多种运动技能中得到证实，但在人类步态中却没有得到证实。因此，本研究旨在调查年轻人和老年人的人类步态背后的认知记忆结构。在第一个实验中，在 36 名年轻人中将舒适步态速度 (OptoGait) 的步态参数与特定步态 MREP（MREP 的结构尺寸分析；SDA-M）进行了比较。参与者被分为慢走组和快走组。步态速度与工作记忆等执行功能之间的关系已得到证实，因此提出了这样的假设：慢走和快走的成年人的步态模式和 MREP 有所不同。在第二个实验中，对 24 名年轻人（27.9 岁）和 24 名老年人（60.1 岁）参与者的步态表现和 MREP 进行了比较。由于步态表现与年龄相关的下降从七十岁开始发生，我们假设步态参数直到 60 岁且 MREP 不变时才会受到影响。实验一的数据表明，慢步行者和快步行者的步态参数和 MREP 存在显着差异。值得注意的是，慢步行者之前有 11 例肌肉骨骼损伤记录，但快步行者只记录了 2 例损伤和 1 例疾病。实验二显示健康年轻人和老年人之间的步态参数或 MREP 没有与年龄相关的差异。总之，与较低舒适步态速度相关的步态参数的差异反映在 MREP 的差异上，由此 SDA-M 数据表明单肢支撑阶段可能是一个关键的功能期。这些差异可能是由于之前发生的肌肉骨骼损伤造成的。我们的数据进一步表明，人类步态及其 MREP 在 60 岁之前都是稳定的。SDA-M 可能被认为是诊断步态异常和监测治疗效果的有价值的临床工具。
The link between mental representation (MREP) structures and motor performance has been evidenced for a great variety of movement skills, but not for the human gait. Therefore the present study sought to investigate the cognitive memory structures underlying the human gait in young and older adults. In a first experiment, gait parameters at comfortable gait speed (OptoGait) were compared with gait-specific MREPs (structural dimensional analysis of MREP; SDA-M) in 36 young adults. Participants were divided into a slow- and fast-walking group. The proven relationship between gait speed and executive functions such as working memory led to the hypothesis that gait pattern and MREP differ between slow- and fast-walking adults. In a second experiment, gait performance and MREPs were compared between 24 young (27.9 years) and 24 elderly (60.1 years) participants. As age-related declines in gait performance occur from the seventh decade of life onward, we hypothesized that gait parameters would not be affected until the age of 60 years accompanied by unchanged MREP. Data of experiment one revealed that gait parameters and MREPs differed significantly between slow and fast walkers. Notably, eleven previously incurred musculoskeletal injuries were documented for the slow walkers but only two injuries and one disorder for fast walkers. Experiment two revealed no age-related differences in gait parameters or MREPs between healthy young and older adults. In conclusion, the differences in gait parameters associated with lower comfortable gait speeds are reflected by differences in MREPs, whereby SDA-M data indicate that the single limb support phase may serve as a critical functional period. These differences probably resulted from previously incurred musculoskeletal injuries. Our data further indicate that the human gait and its MREP are stable until the age of 60. SDA-M may be considered as a valuable clinical tool for diagnosis of gait abnormalities and monitoring of therapeutic effectiveness.