Recent developments in steady-state physics and technology of tokamaks in Cadarache
Recent developments in steady-state physics and technology of tokamaks in Cadarache
复制标题
卡达拉切托卡马克稳态物理和技术的最新进展
DOI：
10.1088/0029-5515/43/12/005
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发表时间：
2003
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
J. Jacquinot
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
J. Jacquinot
Tore Supra的运行在对内部组件进行重大升级后恢复，以将1000 s的热提取能力提高到25 MW，并在与下一步相关的最后闭合通量表面的功率密度水平上进行长脉冲研究。本概述首先强调了相关的技术发展：工业实现和等离子体测试约600个限制器组件约12 000主动冷却的氟氯化碳瓷砖。已经获得了具有0.74 GJ的耦合（和提取）能量的破世界纪录的放电，持续时间超过4分钟，仅受加热和电流驱动系统的长脉冲能力的限制。粒子平衡分析表明，容器中的氘库存从未达到饱和。对于相同的等离子体参数，在容器中的库存减少了1/2的因素时，使用有效的超音速气体喷射。当回路电压消失很长一段时间时，观察到新的物理现象：尽管没有Ware箍缩效应，密度仍然达到峰值，并且独立地，对额外加热的响应变得由运输和电流驱动之间的复杂相互作用主导。EURATOM-CEA协会对聚变能研究的贡献还包括面向等离子体部件、负离子束注入（1000 s H-源和SINGAP加速至1 MeV）和超导体（电缆导管概念、连接、测试）领域的新发展。最后，欧洲对卡达拉什作为热核实验堆场址的研究得出结论，热核实验堆的所有技术要求都得到了满足。
Operation of Tore Supra has resumed after a major upgrade of internal components in order to increase the heat extraction capability to 25 MW for 1000 s and address long-pulse research at the level of power density flowing through the last closed flux surface relevant for the next step. This overview highlights first the related technology developments: industrial realization and tests with plasma of about 600 limiter components made of some 12 000 actively cooled CFC tiles. World record breaking discharges with a coupled (and extracted) energy of 0.74 GJ have been obtained, with durations exceeding 4 min, limited only by the long-pulse capability of the heating and current drive systems. Particle balance analysis shows that the in-vessel deuterium inventory never reached saturation. For the same plasma parameters, the in-vessel inventory is reduced by a factor of ≈2 when efficient supersonic gas injection is used. New physics is observed when the loop voltage vanishes for long times: the density remains peaked in spite of the absence of the Ware pinch effect, and, independently, the response to additional heating becomes dominated by a complex interplay between transport and current drive. The contributions of the EURATOM-CEA Association to fusion energy research also include new developments in the field of plasma-facing components, negative ion beam injection (1000 s H− source and SINGAP acceleration to 1 MeV) and superconductors (cable in conduit concept, connections, testing). Finally, European studies for Cadarache as a site for ITER conclude that all ITER technical requirements are met.