A commentary on domestic animals as dual-purpose models that benefit agricultural and biomedical research
A commentary on domestic animals as dual-purpose models that benefit agricultural and biomedical research
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DOI：
10.2527/jas.2008-1088
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发表时间：
2008-10-01
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Bazer, F. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ireland, J. J.;Roberts, R. M.;Bazer, F. W.
土地授予机构对家畜（牛、猪、绵羊、山羊、家禽、马和水生物种）的研究对于提高美国畜牧业的全球竞争力和解决复杂的动物和人类疾病是不可或缺的。然而，联邦和各州预算的减少，美国农业部对竞争性州研究、教育和推广服务国家研究计划（CSREES-NRI）竞争性资助计划的资助多年停滞不前，农场动物物种和土地赠款机构数量的显著减少，以及动物科学研究生入学人数的下降，正在减少进行家养物种研究所需的资源。因此，在土地授予机构招募使用这些模型进行与动物农业和生物医学有关的研究的科学家是危险的。有关的利益相关者通过举办讲习班，与美国农业部和美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）官员举行一系列会议，并制定一份白皮书，提出解决办法，以解决阻碍使用家养物种作为农业和生物医学共同高度优先问题的双重用途动物模型的障碍。除了研究支持和人力资源不足之外，生物医学中大量使用小鼠模型，缺乏大学管理人员的支持，农业和人类医学之间长期存在的文化障碍，动物科学家的拨款不足，以及关键试剂和资源的稀缺是进展的主要障碍。解决方案将需要美国农业部竞争性拨款计划的大量财政支持，旨在解释使用农业动物的研究如何有利于动物农业和人类健康的教育计划，并在土地拨款机构中发展新的思维模式，促进基础研究人员和应用研究人员之间的更大合作。招募优秀的科学家致力于使用国内动物模型进行农业和生物医学研究，鼓励科学家利用培训机会为美国国立卫生研究院提供资助，并加强美国国立卫生研究院和美国农业部的合作，赞助使用农业动物作为有利于农业和生物医学的双重用途动物模型，这也是必要的。总之，农业和生物医学研究所需的动物模型的广泛多样性面临风险，除非对土地赠款大学的研究优先事项进行严格评估，并大幅增加对此类研究的财政支持。
Research on domestic animals (cattle, swine, sheep, goats, poultry, horses, and aquatic species) at land grant institutions is integral to improving the global competitiveness of US animal agriculture and to resolving complex animal and human diseases. However, dwindling federal and state budgets, years of stagnant funding from USDA for the Competitive State Research, Education, and Extension Service National Research Initiative (CSREES-NRI) Competitive Grants Program, significant reductions in farm animal species and in numbers at land grant institutions, and declining enrollment for graduate studies in animal science are diminishing the resources necessary to conduct research on domestic species. Consequently, recruitment of scientists who use such models to conduct research relevant to animal agriculture and biomedicine at land grant institutions is in jeopardy. Concerned stakeholders have addressed this critical problem by conducting workshops, holding a series of meetings with USDA and National Institutes of Health (NIH) officials, and developing a white paper to propose solutions to obstacles impeding the use of domestic species as dual-purpose animal models for high-priority problems common to agriculture and biomedicine. In addition to shortfalls in research support and human resources, overwhelming use of mouse models in biomedicine, lack of advocacy from university administrators, long-standing cultural barriers between agriculture and human medicine, inadequate grantsmanship by animal scientists, and a scarcity of key reagents and resources are major roadblocks to progress. Solutions will require a large financial enhancement of USDA's Competitive Grants Program, educational programs geared toward explaining how research using agricultural animals benefits both animal agriculture and human health, and the development of a new mind-set in land grant institutions that fosters greater cooperation among basic and applied researchers. Recruitment of outstanding scientists dedicated to using domestic animal models for agricultural and biomedical research, strong incentives for scientists to take advantage of training opportunities to write NIH grants, and greater NIH and USDA cooperation to sponsor the use of agricultural animals as dual-purpose animal models that benefit agriculture and biomedicine will also be necessary. In conclusion, the broad diversity of animal models needed for agricultural and biomedical research is at risk unless research priorities at the land grant universities are critically evaluated and financial support for such research is dramatically increased.