Effects of shading on morphology, physiology and grain yield of winter wheat
Effects of shading on morphology, physiology and grain yield of winter wheat
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遮荫对冬小麦形态、生理及产量的影响
DOI：
10.1016/j.eja.2010.07.002
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发表时间：
2010-11-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Cao, Weixing
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Li, Huawei;Jiang, Dong;Cao, Weixing
在田间试验中，对冬小麦品种扬麦158（YM 158，耐荫）和扬麦11号（YM 11，耐荫）在拔节期至成熟期进行遮光处理。3个遮荫处理，即92%（S1）。S_2和S_3分别为对照组的85%和77%。与SO相比，YM 158的SI和S2处理的籽粒产量增加，而YM 11的Si处理的籽粒产量没有增加。YM 11在S2和S3的产量损失分别为2.3%和6.7%，YM 158在S3的产量损失为5.9%，远小于相应的辐射损失。遮光处理使叶面积指数、花序梗节间长度、上部叶面积和色素含量增加，有利于有效捕光。遮光修改光质量在冠层中所示的漫射和蓝光部分的增加和减少的红光部分。遮荫也改变了光利用效率的例子减少叶绿素a/B比和非光化学淬灭率（NPQ），并通过增加PSII和PSI（ETR）之间的电子传递速率和PSII（Phi PSII）的量子产率，伴随着没有显着变化的光系统II在黑暗适应条件下的最大光化学效率（Fv/Fm）。相反，两个品种旗叶的光合碳利用（Pn）仅在S3处理中降低。下部叶片比旗叶对低辐射的耐受性更强，在大多数情况下，第三和倒数第二叶的Pn在遮光处理下增加。遮光增加了营养器官干物质向籽粒的再分配。本文讨论了小麦形态和生理性状对遮荫的反应及其与产量的关系。(c)2010爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
In a field experiment, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) cultivars Yangmai 158 (YM 158, shading tolerant) and Yangmai 11 (YM 11, shading-sensitive) were subjected to shading between jointing and maturity. Three shading treatments were applied, i.e. 92% (S1). 85% (S2) and 77% (S3) of full radiation (SO, control). Compared with SO, the observed grain yield increased in the SI and S2 treatments of YM 158 but not in Si of YM 11. The yield loss of YM 11 was 2.3% and 6.7% in S2 and S3, respectively, and 5.9% in S3 of YM 158, which was much less than the corresponding reduction in radiation. Under the shading treatments applied, leaf area index, length of the peduncle internode, area of the upper leaves and content of pigments increased, which favoured efficient light capture. Shading modified light quality in the canopy as indicated by increases of diffuse- and blue light fractions and a reduction of the red light fraction. Shading also altered light-use efficiency as exemplified by reductions in the chlorophyll a/b ratio and the rate of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ), and by increases in the electron transport rate between PSII and PSI (ETR) and of the quantum yield of PSII (Phi PSII), concomitant with no significant change in the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II under dark-adapted conditions (Fv/Fm). By contrast, photosynthetic carbon-use (Pn) in the flag leaf of both cultivars was reduced in the S3 treatment only. The lower leaves were found to be more tolerant to low radiation than the flag leaf, as in most cases Pn of the third and the penultimate leaves were found to increase under shading treatments. Shading increased the redistribution of dry matter from vegetative organs into grains. The responses of the morphological and physiological traits to shading are discussed in relation to the variations of the resulting grain yield ill the contrasting wheat cultivars. (c) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.