SINEs and LINEs: the art of biting the hand that feeds you
SINEs and LINEs: the art of biting the hand that feeds you
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/s0955-0674(02)00338-1
复制
发表时间：
2002-06-01
影响因子：
7.5
通讯作者：
Weiner, AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weiner, AM
西内斯和LINE分别是短的和长的散布的逆转录转座因子，它们使用RNA中间体侵入新的基因组位点。西内斯和LINE存在于几乎所有的真核生物中（尽管不在酿酒酵母中），并且共同占人类基因组的至少34%。非编码西内斯依赖于伴侣LINE编码的逆转录酶和核酸内切酶功能。随着包括我国在内的许多基因组测序的完成，西内斯和LINES的数据库有了很大的飞跃，新的数据提出了新的问题，这些问题只有通过对基因组中的反转录机制的深入研究才能得到解答。目前的工作范围从生物化学的逆转录和整合在体外，靶位点的选择在体内，核质运输的RNA和核糖核蛋白的中间体，和基因组的周转机制。两个特别令人兴奋的新想法是，西内斯可以帮助细胞在生理压力下生存，并且西内斯和LINES的进化是由RNA干扰的力量塑造的。总之，这些研究有望解释西内斯和LINES的诞生和死亡，以及这些重复序列家族对基因组进化的贡献。
SINEs and LINEs are short and long interspersed retrotransposable elements, respectively, that invade new genomic sites using RNA intermediates. SINEs and LINEs are found in almost all eukaryotes (although not in Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and together account for at least 34% of the human genome. The noncoding SINEs depend on reverse transcriptase and endonuclease functions encoded by partner LINEs. With the completion of many genome sequences, including our own, the database of SINEs and LINEs has taken a great leap forward, The new data pose new questions that can only be answered by detailed studies of the mechanism of retroposition. Current work ranges from the biochemistry of reverse transcription and integration in vitro, target site selection in vivo, nucleocytoplasmic transport of the RNA and ribonucleoprotein intermediates, and mechanisms of genomic turnover. Two particularly exciting new ideas are that SINEs may help cells survive physiological stress, and that the evolution of SINEs and LINEs has been shaped by the forces of RNA interference. Taken together, these studies promise to explain the birth and death of SINEs and LINEs, and the contribution of these repetitive sequence families to the evolution of genomes.