Climate warming is predicted to reduce omega-3, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid production in phytoplankton
Climate warming is predicted to reduce omega-3, long-chain, polyunsaturated fatty acid production in phytoplankton
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.13295
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发表时间：
2016-08-01
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Arts, Michael T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hixson, Stefanie M.;Arts, Michael T.
浮游植物是水生生态系统中能量和ω-3（n-3）长链必需脂肪酸（EFA）的主要来源。它们的生长和生物化学组成受到周围环境条件的影响，包括由于气候变暖而持续上升的温度。水温升高可能会对浮游植物通过垂向粘性适应过程产生的EFA产生负面影响。为了调查这一点，我们进行了探索性的数据合成与952脂肪酸（FA）配置文件从六个主要群体的海洋和淡水浮游植物。温度与n-3长链多不饱和脂肪酸（LC-PUFA）比例的降低以及omega-6脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸的增加密切相关。基于线性回归模型，我们预测全球n-3 LC-PUFA产量将减少8.2%的二十碳五烯酸（EPA）和27.8%的二十二碳六烯酸（DHA），水温升高2.5摄氏度。使用先前公布的估计全球生产EPA的硅藻，这有助于世界上大部分的EPA供应，我们预测的损失14.2吨EPA每年作为海洋变暖的结果。n-3 LC-PUFA对于水生和陆生生物的一系列关键生理功能至关重要，而这些FA主要由浮游植物产生。因此，由于气候变暖，这些EFA的产量减少，预计会对依赖这些化合物获得最佳生理功能的物种产生负面影响。浮游植物细胞膜的生物化学组成发生如此深刻的变化，可能会对全世界的生态系统产生连锁反应。
Phytoplankton are the main source of energy and omega-3 (n-3) long-chain essential fatty acids (EFA) in aquatic ecosystems. Their growth and biochemical composition are affected by surrounding environmental conditions, including temperature, which continues to increase as a result of climate warming. Increasing water temperatures may negatively impact the production of EFA by phytoplankton through the process of homeoviscous adaptation. To investigate this, we conducted an exploratory data synthesis with 952 fatty acid (FA) profiles from six major groups of marine and freshwater phytoplankton. Temperature was strongly correlated with a decrease in the proportion of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated FA (LC-PUFA) and an increase in omega-6 FA and saturated FA. Based on linear regression models, we predict that global n-3 LC-PUFA production will be reduced by 8.2% for eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and 27.8% for docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with an increase in water temperature of 2.5 degrees C. Using a previously published estimate of the global production of EPA by diatoms, which contribute to most of the world's supply of EPA, we predict a loss of 14.2 Mt of EPA annually as a result of ocean warming. The n-3 LC-PUFA are vitally important for an array of key physiological functions in aquatic and terrestrial organisms, and these FA are mainly produced by phytoplankton. Therefore, reduced production of these EFA, as a consequence of climate warming, is predicted to negatively affect species that depend on these compounds for optimum physiological function. Such profound changes in the biochemical composition of phytoplankton cell membranes can lead to cascading effects throughout the world's ecosystems.