Nitrogen deposition is the most important environmental driver of growth of pure, even-aged and managed European forests
Nitrogen deposition is the most important environmental driver of growth of pure, even-aged and managed European forests
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2019.117762
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发表时间：
2020-02-15
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
de Vries, Wim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Etzold, Sophia;Ferretti, Marco;de Vries, Wim
变化的环境条件可能与立地质量和林分特征相互作用，影响森林生长和碳固存。因此，了解森林生长的各种驱动因素的影响对于预测森林生态系统如何应对气候变化至关重要。我们对最近（1995-2010）的森林体积增量数据(δ体积，m3 ha（-1) yr(-1)）进行了大陆尺度的分析，这些数据来自23个欧洲国家442个平均年龄的单一物种林分中约10万棵针叶树和阔叶树。我们使用多元统计方法，如混合效应模型和结构方程模型，研究了欧洲森林生长如何响应11个预测因子的变化，包括林分特征、气候条件、空气和立地质量，以及它们之间的相互作用。我们发现，尽管所研究的森林所包含的环境梯度很大，但林分密度和林龄是森林生长的关键驱动因素。我们进一步发现，在某些情况下，氮沉降具有积极的非线性效应，在山毛榉林中最为明显，其临界点约为30千克N公顷（-1）年（-1）。研究结果表明，在林分密度和林龄的驱动下，氮沉降对欧洲大陆尺度森林生长的调节作用至少与气候同等重要，而在高氮沉降地区则存在潜在的负面影响。
Changing environmental conditions may substantially interact with site quality and forest stand characteristics, and impact forest growth and carbon sequestration. Understanding the impact of the various drivers of forest growth is therefore critical to predict how forest ecosystems can respond to climate change. We conducted a continental-scale analysis of recent (1995-2010) forest volume increment data (Delta Vol, m 3 ha(-1) yr(-1)), obtained from ca. 100,000 coniferous and broadleaved trees in 442 even-aged, single-species stands across 23 European countries. We used multivariate statistical approaches, such as mixed effects models and structural equation modelling to investigate how European forest growth respond to changes in 11 predictors, including stand characteristics, climate conditions, air and site quality, as well as their interactions. We found that, despite the large environmental gradients encompassed by the forests examined, stand density and age were key drivers of forest growth. We further detected a positive, in some cases non-linear effect of N deposition, most pronounced for beech forests, with a tipping point at ca. 30 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1). With the exception of a consistent temperature signal on Norway spruce, climate-related predictors and ground-level ozone showed much less generalized relationships with Delta VoL Our results show that, together with the driving forces exerted by stand density and age, N deposition is at least as important as climate to modulate forest growth at continental scale in Europe, with a potential negative effect at sites with high N deposition.