The play by nature.
The play by nature.
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戏自然。
DOI：
10.1126/science.196.4291.757
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发表时间：
1977
期刊：
影响因子：
56.9
通讯作者：
W. Hamilton
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
W. Hamilton
有疑问的陈述至少是非教条的。作者对自己观点的适度评价往往会消除批评，读者会时不时地发现，如果他不喜欢给定的模型，他应该制定一个更好的模型，这是一个令人受宠若惊的建议。这样的邀请能在一本畅销书中严肃地提出，生动地反映了主题的新颖性。奇怪的是，确实存在着这样的可能性，即未经检验的简单思想可能很快解决一些古老的进化之谜。那么，进化的新面貌是什么呢？在某种程度上，这就像是对莎士比亚的一种新的诠释：一切都在剧本中，但不知何故，它却被忽略了。然而，我应该补充的是，所讨论的新观点与其说是潜伏在达尔文的进化论中，不如说是潜伏在自然界的进化论中，而且我们的注意力疏忽更像是20年而不是100年的规模。例如，道金斯从我们现在相当熟悉的可变螺旋分子开始;达尔文甚至不知道染色体或它们在性过程中的奇怪舞蹈。但即使是20年也足够长，足以引起人们的惊讶。第一章概括地描述了本书试图解释的现象，并展示了它们对人类生活的哲学和哲学重要性。一些有趣而令人担忧的动物例子引起了我们的注意。第二章追溯到第一代复制因子的原始汤。我们看到这些复杂而精细。它们开始争夺基质，互相争斗，甚至互相裂解和残杀;它们把自己、收获和武器藏在防御栅栏里;这些栅栏不仅用来躲避竞争对手和捕食者的战术，也用来躲避复制因子日益能够入侵的环境中的物质困难。因此，他们动员起来，定居下来，建立起奇异的农场，涌向海滩，穿过陆地，一直到沙漠，
questionable statements are at least un-dogmatic. The author's modest assessment of his own ideas tends to disarm criticism, and here and there the reader finds himself flattered by a suggestion that he should work out a better model if he doesn't like the one given. That such an invitation can be made seriously in a popular book vividly reflects the newness of the subject matter. Strangely, there are indeed possibilities that simple ideas as yet untested may shortly resolve some old puzzles of evolution. What, then, is this new face of evolution? To a certain extent it is like a new interpretation of Shakespeare: it was all in the script but somehow it passed unseen. I should add, however, that the new view in question was latent not so much in Darwin's script of evolution as in nature's and that our lapse of attention is more on the scale of 20 years than of a hundred. Dawkins starts, for example, from those variable helical molecules that we now know fairly well; Darwin knew not even about chromosomes or their strange dance in the sexual process. But even 20 years isquite long enough to cause surprise.The first chapter broadly characterizes the phenomena the book seeks to explain and shows their philosophical and practi-cal importance to human life. Some intriguing and alarming animal examples catch our attention. The second chapter goes back to the first replicators in their primeval soup. Wesee thesemultiply and elaborate. Theybegin to compete for substrates, to fight, even to lyse andeat one another; they hide themselvesand their gains and weapons in defensive stockades; these come to be used for shelter not only from the tactics of rivals and predators but from the physical hardships of the environments that the replicators are increasingly enabled to invade. Thus they mobilize, settle, throw up bizarre farms, pour over the beaches, across land, and right on to deserts and