Definitions of stress and sympathetic neuronal responses
Definitions of stress and sympathetic neuronal responses
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44667.x
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.3
通讯作者：
Kopin, IJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kopin, IJ
生物学中压力概念的起源尚不清楚，它直观地借用了压力作为变形力的物理定义，但早在一个多世纪前，该术语就用于指破坏正常生理或心理的因素功能。汉斯·塞利（Hans Selye）提出了一个关于压力的新概念，他在很大程度上推广了这个术语的使用，认为压力是一种状态，在这种状态下，生活的需求产生了一种具有广泛生物学效应的刻板印象，包括疾病。压力研究的一个领域已经出现，其中有语义和实质性的科学争议关于Selye的概念。在这篇简短的评论中，我将描述关于生物压力的思想的演变，讨论物理和生物压力和菌株之间的相似性和差异，并描述一种测试Selye关于所有压力共同的单一反应模式的假设的策略。
The origin of the concept of stress in biology, intuitively borrowed from the physical definition of stress as a deforming force, is unknown, but well over a century ago the term was used with reference to factors that disrupt normal physiological or psychological function. A newer concept of stress was conceived by Hans Selye, who did much to popularize the use of the term as a state in which demands of life have produced a stereotypic syndrome with broad biological effects, including disease. A field of stress research has emerged in which there have been both semantic and substantive scientific controversies regarding Selye's concepts. In this brief review, I will describe the evolution of thought about biological stress, discuss the similarities and differences between physical and biological stresses and strains, and describe a strategy for testing Selye's hypotheses regarding a single response pattern common to all stresses.