Tessellation of artificial touch via microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex.
Tessellation of artificial touch via microstimulation of human somatosensory cortex.
复制标题
通过人体感觉皮层的微刺激进行人工触摸的镶嵌。
DOI：
10.1101/2023.06.23.545425
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
He,Qin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Greenspon,CharlesM;Shelchkova,NatalyaD;Valle,Giacomo;Hobbs,TaylorG;Berger-Wolf,EvI;Hutchison,BriannaC;Dogruoz,Efe;Verbarschott,Ceci;Callier,Thierri;Sobinov,AntonR;Okorokova,ElizavetaV;Jordan,PatrickM;Prasad,Dillan;He,Qin
当我们与物体互动时，我们依赖于来自手的信号来传达关于物体的信息以及我们与其互动的信息。这些相互作用的一个基本特征，即手和物体之间的接触位置，通常只能通过触觉获得。有关脑控仿生手与物体接触位置的信息可以通过躯体感觉皮质(S1)的皮质内微刺激(ICMS)发出信号，这会唤起局限于特定皮肤区域的触觉。为了提供直观的位置信息，机械手上的触觉传感器通过电极驱动ICMS，这些电极在与传感器位置匹配的皮肤位置处唤起感觉。这种方法要求ICMS诱发的感觉是集中的、稳定的、分布在手中的。为了系统地研究ICMS诱发感觉的定位，我们分析了ICMS诱发感觉的投影场(PF)--它们的位置和空间范围--来自三名参与者多年来在S1植入微电极阵列的报告。首先，我们发现PFS在不同电极上的大小差别很大，在电极内高度稳定，分布在每个参与者的手的大片上，并且随着ICMS的幅度或频率的增加而增大。第二，虽然PF的位置与刺激电极附近神经元的感受野(RF)的位置相匹配，但PF往往被相应的RFs所包含。第三，多通道刺激产生的PF反映了组成通道的PFS的合并度。然后，通过通过具有大量重叠的PFS的电极进行刺激，我们可以唤起一种主要在组件PFS的交叉点体验的感觉。为了评估这一现象的功能后果，我们在仿生手中实现了基于多通道ICMS的反馈，并证明所产生的感觉比通过单通道ICMS诱发的感觉更具局部性。
When we interact with objects, we rely on signals from the hand that convey information about the object and our interaction with it. A basic feature of these interactions, the locations of contacts between the hand and object, is often only available via the sense of touch. Information about locations of contact between a brain-controlled bionic hand and an object can be signaled via intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) of somatosensory cortex (S1), which evokes touch sensations that are localized to a specific patch of skin. To provide intuitive location information, tactile sensors on the robotic hand drive ICMS through electrodes that evoke sensations at skin locations matching sensor locations. This approach requires that ICMS-evoked sensations be focal, stable, and distributed over the hand. To systematically investigate the localization of ICMS-evoked sensations, we analyzed the projected fields (PFs) of ICMS-evoked sensations – their location and spatial extent – from reports obtained over multiple years from three participants implanted with microelectrode arrays in S1. First, we found that PFs vary widely in their size across electrodes, are highly stable within electrode, are distributed over large swaths of each participant’s hand, and increase in size as the amplitude or frequency of ICMS increases. Second, while PF locations match the locations of the receptive fields (RFs) of the neurons near the stimulating electrode, PFs tend to be subsumed by the corresponding RFs. Third, multi-channel stimulation gives rise to a PF that reflects the conjunction of the PFs of the component channels. By stimulating through electrodes with largely overlapping PFs, then, we can evoke a sensation that is experienced primarily at the intersection of the component PFs. To assess the functional consequence of this phenomenon, we implemented multichannel ICMS-based feedback in a bionic hand and demonstrated that the resulting sensations are more localizable than are those evoked via single-channel ICMS.