A Hierarchical View of Gecko Locomotion: Photic Environment, Physiological Optics, and Locomotor Performance
A Hierarchical View of Gecko Locomotion: Photic Environment, Physiological Optics, and Locomotor Performance
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壁虎运动的分层视图：光环境、生理光学和运动性能
DOI：
10.1093/icb/icz092
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Schmitz, Lars
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Higham, Timothy E.;Schmitz, Lars
陆地动物在复杂的栖息地中移动，这些栖息地随时间和空间而变化。这些生境的特征不仅由物理环境决定，而且还由光环境决定，尽管后者在很大程度上被忽视了。例如，许多研究已经检查了栖息地结构的作用，如倾斜，栖息地直径和顺应性，对跑步性能的影响。然而，运行性能可能在很大程度上取决于光照水平。壁虎是分析光环境对运动的作用的一个特殊群体，因为它们表现出从夜间祖先到昼夜性的几个独立转变，它们是视觉引导的捕食者，并且它们非常多样化。我们的最初目标是讨论陆地栖息地可能遇到的光环境范围，例如白天与黑夜、森林中的树冠覆盖、雾和云。然后，我们回顾了壁虎视觉的生理光学与视网膜结构的一些新信息，视觉在电机驱动的行为中的作用，以及在不同光照条件下壁虎运动的已知信息，然后展示光照水平对壁虎运动性能的影响。总体而言，我们强调了整合感觉和运动信息的重要性，并建立了一个概念框架，作为未来研究的指导。未来的几个方向，如理解学生动态的作用，取决于一个综合框架。这个一般框架可以扩展到任何依赖于感觉信息的运动系统，并可用于探索性能特征对多样化和进化的影响。
Terrestrial animals move in complex habitats that vary over space and time. The characteristics of these habitats are not only defined by the physical environment, but also by the photic environment, even though the latter has largely been overlooked. For example, numerous studies of have examined the role of habitat structure, such as incline, perch diameter, and compliance, on running performance. However, running performance likely depends heavily on light level. Geckos are an exceptional group for analyzing the role of the photic environment on locomotion as they exhibit several independent shifts to diurnality from a nocturnal ancestor, they are visually-guided predators, and they are extremely diverse. Our initial goal is to discuss the range of photic environments that can be encountered in terrestrial habitats, such as day versus night, canopy cover in a forest, fog, and clouds. We then review the physiological optics of gecko vision with some new information about retina structures, the role of vision in motor-driven behaviors, and what is known about gecko locomotion under different light conditions, before demonstrating the effect of light levels on gecko locomotor performance. Overall, we highlight the importance of integrating sensory and motor information and establish a conceptual framework as guide for future research. Several future directions, such as understanding the role of pupil dynamics, are dependent on an integrative framework. This general framework can be extended to any motor system that relies on sensory information, and can be used to explore the impact of performance features on diversification and evolution.