The influence of expertise and task factors on age differences in pilot communication
The influence of expertise and task factors on age differences in pilot communication
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DOI：
10.1037//0882-7974.16.1.31
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发表时间：
2001-03-01
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Bryant, D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Morrow, DG;Menard, WE;Bryant, D
研究了模拟空中交通管制（ATC）通信任务中专业知识和任务因素对年龄差异的影响。年轻的、中年的、年长的飞行员和非飞行员听着空中交通管制中心的信息，这些信息描述了通过空域的路线，在此期间，他们参考了该空域的图表。参与者阅读每条信息，然后回答一个关于路线的探索性问题。结果发现，飞行员比非飞行员更准确地回读信息，年轻的参与者比年长的参与者更准确。飞行员的年龄差异没有缩小。飞行员和年轻的参与者也更准确地回答了问题，这表明他们能够更好地根据图表解释空管的信息，以便创建飞行的情况模型。研究结果表明，专业知识对所有年龄段的成年人都有好处。老年飞行员的高水平飞行经验（与年轻飞行员相比）有助于缓冲与年龄相关的认知资源下降，从而为经验对年龄差异的中介作用提供证据。
The influence of expertise and task factors on age differences in a simulated pilot-Air Traffic Control (ATC) communication task was examined. Young, middle-aged, and older pilots and nonpilots listened to ATC messages that described a route through an airspace, during which they referred to a chart of this airspace. Participants read back each message and then answered a probe question about the route. It was found that pilots read back messages more accurately than nonpilots, and younger participants were more accurate than older participants. Age differences were not reduced for pilots. Pilots and younger participants also answered probes more accurately, suggesting that they were better able to interpret the ATC messages in terms of the chart in order to create a situation model of the flight. The findings suggest that expertise benefits occur for adults of all ages. High levels of flying experience among older pilots (as compared with younger pilots) helped to buffer age-related declines in cognitive resources, thus providing evidence for the mediating effects of experience on age differences.