Brain metabolite concentrations and neurocognition during short-term recovery from alcohol dependence: Preliminary evidence of the effects of concurrent chronic cigarette smoking
Brain metabolite concentrations and neurocognition during short-term recovery from alcohol dependence: Preliminary evidence of the effects of concurrent chronic cigarette smoking
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1530-0277.2006.00060.x
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发表时间：
2006-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Meyerhoff, DJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Durazzo, TC;Gazdzinski, S;Meyerhoff, DJ
背景资料：短期戒酒者脑组织代谢物恢复的纵向研究主要研究额叶和小脑，结果不一。初步的质子磁共振波谱成像（H-1 MRSI）表明，慢性吸烟加重酒精诱导的脑损伤在1周的戒酒。然而，长期吸烟对酒精性脑损伤恢复的潜在影响尚未研究。方法：采用多层短回波时间1H MRSI测量25名恢复中的酒精依赖个体（RA）常见脑代谢物的纵向变化，回顾性地分配到吸烟（n = 14）和不吸烟（n = 11）亚组。恢复酒精依赖的个人在纵向分析进行了研究后，约7和34天的戒酒。在横断面分析中，36例RA（19例吸烟者，17例非吸烟者）与29例轻度饮酒者（LD）进行了比较，他们大约有34天的清醒时间。戒断RA的神经认知和代谢物浓度之间的关系也examined.Results：超过1个月的戒酒，RA，作为一个组，表现出显着增加的区域N-乙酰天冬氨酸（NAA;标记的神经元活力）和含胆碱的化合物（Cho;标记的细胞膜合成/营业额）主要在额叶和顶叶。这些增加似乎是由不吸烟的RA驱动的。横截面结果表明，在RA清醒35天的代谢物水平没有显着不同的LD在大多数地区，除了较低的NAA和Cho在顶叶WM和皮质下结构。然而，此时的代谢物水平似乎受到吸烟状态的强烈调节。非吸烟和吸烟RA的代谢-神经认知关系的模式是不同的。结论：在清醒的第一周内，区域脑NAA和胆碱水平增加，但代谢物水平没有正常化，在所有的大脑区域清醒35天后。RA的神经生物学恢复似乎受到慢性吸烟的不利影响。继续吸烟对酒精依赖个体的神经生物学和神经认知恢复的影响需要更多的考虑。
Background: Longitudinal studies of brain tissue metabolite recovery in short-term abstinent alcoholics have primarily investigated the frontal lobes and cerebellum with variable results. Preliminary proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (H-1 MRSI) suggested that chronic cigarette smoking exacerbates alcohol-induced brain injury in 1-week abstinent alcoholics. However, the potential effects of chronic cigarette smoking on the recovery of alcohol-induced brain injury have not been studied.Methods: Multislice short-echo time 1H MRSI was used to measure longitudinal changes in common brain metabolites in 25 recovering alcohol-dependent individuals (RA), retrospectively assigned to smoking (n = 14) and nonsmoking (n = 11) subgroups. Recovering alcohol-dependent individuals in longitudinal analyses were studied after approximately 7 and 34 days of abstinence from alcohol. In cross-sectional analyses, 36 RA (19 smokers, 17 nonsmokers) with approximately 34 days of sobriety were compared with 29 light drinkers (LD). Relationships between neurocognition and metabolite concentrations in abstinent RA were also examined.Results: Over 1 month of abstinence from alcohol, RA, as a group, showed significant increases of regional N-acetylaspartate (NAA; marker of neuronal viability) and choline-containing compounds (Cho; marker of cell membrane synthesis/turnover) primarily in frontal and parietal lobes. These increases appeared to be driven by nonsmoking RA. Cross-sectional results indicate that metabolite levels in RA at 35 days of sobriety are not significantly different from those in LD in most regions, except for lower NAA and Cho in parietal WM and subcortical structures. However, metabolite levels at that time appear to be strongly modulated by smoking status. The patterns of metabolite-neurocognition relationships were different for nonsmoking and smoking RA.Conclusions: Within the first weeks of sobriety, regional brain NAA and Cho levels increased, but metabolite levels did not normalize in all brain regions after 35 days of sobriety. Neurobiologic recovery in RA appeared to be adversely affected by chronic smoking. Greater consideration of the effects of continued cigarette smoking on the neurobiologic and neurocognitive recovery of alcohol-dependent individuals is warranted.