Effectiveness and design of marine protected areas for migratory species of conservation concern: A case study of post-nesting hawksbill turtles in Brazil.
Effectiveness and design of marine protected areas for migratory species of conservation concern: A case study of post-nesting hawksbill turtles in Brazil.
复制标题
保护性迁徙物种海洋保护区的有效性和设计：巴西筑巢后玳瑁海龟的案例研究。
DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109229
复制
发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Fuentes, M. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Santos, A. J.;Santos, E. A.;Sales, G.;Ramos, R.;Vieira, D. H.;Fuentes, M. M.
海洋保护区（MPAs）是保护海洋生态系统最广泛使用的策略之一，通常是为了保护特定的栖息地，而不是单一和/或多种物种。为了解保育重点物种的保育情况，有必要评估现有及建议的海洋保护区设计是否能保护这些物种。为此，关于物种空间分布和暴露于威胁的信息是必要的。然而，这些信息往往是缺乏的，特别是对于移动迁徙物种，如海龟。为了强调这些信息在设计海洋保护区和评估其有效性时的重要性，我们在巴西确定了筑巢后玳瑁（Eretmochelys imbricata）的高利用区域作为案例研究，并根据暴露于威胁的情况评估了巴西海洋保护区保护该群体重要栖息地的有效性。大部分高利用区域（88%）受到威胁（78%受到手工渔业的威胁，76.7%受到海上交通的威胁），其中88.1%没有受到海洋保护区的保护，其中86%受到威胁。造成这种不匹配的原因是，海洋保护区管理计划中缺乏明确的海龟保护目标和目标，关于物种分布和威胁的空间信息有限，以及保护举措的规模不匹配。为了为未来的海洋保护区的评估和设计提供信息，我们建议管理者：清楚地说明并使他们的目标和目标具体化，考虑生态尺度而不是政治界限，并在获得新信息时采用适应性管理。
Marine protected areas (MPAs) are among the most widely used strategy to protect marine ecosystems and are typically designed to protect specific habitats rather than a single and/or multiple species. To inform the conservation of species of conservation concern there is the need to assess whether existing and proposed MPA designs provide protection to these species. For this, information on species spatial distribution and exposure to threats is necessary. However, this information if often lacking, particularly for mobile migratory species, such as marine turtles. To highlight the importance of this information when designing MPAs and for assessments of their effectiveness, we identified high use areas of post-nesting hawksbill turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Brazil as a case study and assessed the effectiveness of Brazilian MPAs to protect important habitat for this group based on exposure to threats. Most (88%) of high use areas were found to be exposed to threats (78% to artisanal fishery and 76.7% to marine traffic), where 88.1% were not protected by MPAs, for which 86% are exposed to threats. This mismatch is driven by a lack of explicit conservation goals and targets for turtles in MPA management plans, limited spatial information on species' distribution and threats, and a mismatch in the scale of conservation initiatives. To inform future assessments and design of MPAs for species of conservation concern we suggest that managers: clearly state and make their goals and targets tangible, consider ecological scales instead of political boundaries, and use adaptative management as new information become available.