An introduction to implementation science for the non-specialist.
An introduction to implementation science for the non-specialist.
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非专家实施科学简介。
DOI：
10.1186/s40359-015-0089-9
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发表时间：
2015-09-16
期刊：
影响因子：
3.6
通讯作者：
Kilbourne AM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bauer MS;Damschroder L;Hagedorn H;Smith J;Kilbourne AM
循证实践（EBP）进入常规临床使用的运动不是自发的，但需要集中精力。实施科学领域的发展，以促进循证医学的传播，包括心理和身体健康问题的心理和医疗干预措施。作者旨在向寻求熟悉这一新兴领域的非专业调查人员，管理人员和政策制定者介绍实施科学原则。本介绍基于已发表的文献和作者作为该领域研究人员的经验，以及作为实施科学资助评审员的广泛服务。实施科学是“对促进系统地吸收研究成果和其他循证实践方法的科学研究，从而提高卫生服务的质量和有效性”。实施科学与质量改进和传播方法不同，但有共同的特点。实施研究可以评估自然变异性或测量响应计划干预的变化。实施研究通常采用混合定量-定性设计，确定影响多个层面吸收的因素，包括患者，提供者，诊所，设施，组织，通常还有更广泛的社区和政策环境。因此，实施科学需要坚实的理论基础和跨学科研究团队的参与。实施科学的商业案例是明确的：随着医疗系统在日益动态和资源受限的条件下工作，基于证据的战略是必不可少的，以确保研究投资最大限度地提高医疗价值和改善公共卫生。实施科学在支持这些努力方面发挥着关键作用。
The movement of evidence-based practices (EBPs) into routine clinical usage is not spontaneous, but requires focused efforts. The field of implementation science has developed to facilitate the spread of EBPs, including both psychosocial and medical interventions for mental and physical health concerns. The authors aim to introduce implementation science principles to non-specialist investigators, administrators, and policymakers seeking to become familiar with this emerging field. This introduction is based on published literature and the authors’ experience as researchers in the field, as well as extensive service as implementation science grant reviewers. Implementation science is “the scientific study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of research findings and other EBPs into routine practice, and, hence, to improve the quality and effectiveness of health services.” Implementation science is distinct from, but shares characteristics with, both quality improvement and dissemination methods. Implementation studies can be either assess naturalistic variability or measure change in response to planned intervention. Implementation studies typically employ mixed quantitative-qualitative designs, identifying factors that impact uptake across multiple levels, including patient, provider, clinic, facility, organization, and often the broader community and policy environment. Accordingly, implementation science requires a solid grounding in theory and the involvement of trans-disciplinary research teams. The business case for implementation science is clear: As healthcare systems work under increasingly dynamic and resource-constrained conditions, evidence-based strategies are essential in order to ensure that research investments maximize healthcare value and improve public health. Implementation science plays a critical role in supporting these efforts.