Perception of Water Quality and Health Risks in the Rural Area of Medellín
Perception of Water Quality and Health Risks in the Rural Area of Medellín
复制标题
麦德林农村地区水质和健康风险的认知
DOI：
10.12691/ajrd-1-5-2
复制
发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Megerle
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
L. Rojas;A. Megerle
在拉丁美洲和加勒比地区，大约有 3600 万人缺乏基本的饮用水，其中大多数生活在农村地区。饮用水供应的这种不均匀的空间分布造成了持续的公共卫生风险，导致经济生产力低下、繁荣程度低，从而加剧了地区差异。至于饮用水系统的成功实施，重点仍然是技术因素和提高目标群体知识的措施。本研究以麦德林（哥伦比亚）的三个农村地区为例，展示了不同社会目标群体对水质和健康风险的看法如何影响饮用水系统的实施过程。我们进行了社会领域分析以确定研究的社会经济框架，随后对饮用水消费者进行了 125 次面对面访谈，并辅之以额外的专家访谈。在研究区域内，36% 的家庭仅使用所提供的饮用水基础设施提供的饮用水。 10%的受访者仍然只消耗原水，54%的受访者同时使用原水和饮用水供应系统。影响人们对水质感知的主要因素是水质的颜色和外观，它们形成了一种用于评价水质甚至原水质量的“质量标准”。使用原水进行卫生习惯和灌溉不被视为潜在风险。相对较小的饮用水消费者群体似乎对河流污染与水传播的健康风险和疾病之间的联系有适当的风险认知。饮用水系统的实施过程必须考虑目标群体的社会经济和文化背景，从而形成他们的看法。在引入饮用水供应系统之前，目标群体中应该普遍存在现实的风险认知。
In Latin America and the Caribbean, approximately 36 million people lack even basic access to drinking water, most of them living in rural areas. This uneven spatial distribution of the drinking water supply poses a continuous public health risk, results in low economic productivity, low prosperity and thus contributes to the enforcement of regional disparities. As to the successful implementation of drinking water systems, the focus is still on technical factors and on measures to improve the knowledge of the target groups. Using the example of three rural quarters of Medellin (Colombia), this study shows how the perception of water quality and health risks by different social target groups may influence the implementation process of drinking water systems. A social area analysis was carried out to determine the socio-economic framework of the study, followed by 125 face-to-face interviews with drinking water consumers, complemented by additional expert interviews. Within the study area, 36% of the households use exclusively drinking water from the provided drinking water infrastructure. 10% of the respondents still consume only raw water and 54% are connected to both the raw water and drinking water supply system. The main factors influencing peoples' water quality perception are its colour and appearance, which form a sort of “quality standard” used to evaluate the water quality, even of raw water. The use of raw water for hygiene practices and irrigation is not perceived as a potential risk. A relatively small group of consumers of drinking water seem to have a suitable risk perception with a link between the river pollution and waterborne health risks and diseases. The implementation process of drinking water systems must consider the target groups' socio-economic and cultural context forming their perceptions. A realistic risk perception should be prevalent among the target group prior to the introduction of drinking water supply systems.