The governance of smart mobility
The governance of smart mobility
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DOI：
10.1016/j.tra.2017.09.012
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发表时间：
2018-09-01
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Anable, Jillian
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Docherty, Iain;Marsden, Greg;Anable, Jillian
关于自动车辆、点对点共享应用和物联网等新兴技术将如何改变个人和集体的移动性，当代有一场活跃的辩论。事实上，有人认为所谓的“智能移动”转型已经开始，在这种转型中，这些技术结合在一起，改变了移动系统的组织和运营方式。与任何社会-技术转型一样，如何管理转型，以及如何管理变革的好处和任何负面外部性，都是需要提出的关键问题。本文将确保和提高公共价值的概念作为转型的关键治理目标。它阐述了可以部署来引导过渡的治理模式和方法，并通过四个主题案例探讨了当前的流动性治理挑战将如何变化。特别是，如果要从转型中获取公共价值，就需要成功地谈判不断变化的参与者、资源和权力网络、新的消费逻辑，以及移动性监管、定价和征税方式的转变。现在是提出这类问题的关键时刻，因为技术变革的速度显然超过了治理系统和结构应对已经显而易见的挑战的能力。如果不能同时解决短期和长期的治理问题，就有可能将机动性系统锁定在过渡路径上，从而加剧而不是改善更广泛的社会和环境问题，这些问题在整个机动车过渡期间对规划者构成了挑战。
There is an active contemporary debate about how emerging technologies such as automated vehicles, peer-to-peer sharing applications and the 'Internet of things' will revolutionise individual and collective mobility. Indeed, it is argued that the so-called 'Smart Mobility' transition, in which these technologies combine to transform how the mobility system is organised and operates, has already begun. As with any socio-technical transition there are critical questions to be posed in terms of how the transition is managed, and how both the benefits and any negative externalities of change will be governed.This paper deploys the notion of ensuring and enhancing public value as a key governance aim for the transition. It sets out modes and methods of governance that could be deployed to steer the transition and, through four thematic cases explores how current mobility governance challenges will change. In particular, changing networks of actors, resources and power, new logics of consumption, and shifts in how mobility is regulated, priced and taxed will require to be successfully negotiated if public value is to be captured from the transition. This is a critical time for such questions to be raised because technological change is clearly outpacing the capacity of systems and structures of governance to respond to the challenges already apparent. A failure to address both the short and longer-term governance issues risks locking the mobility system into transition paths which exacerbate rather than ameliorate the wider social and environmental problems that have challenged planners throughout the automobility transition.