Amount and type of protein influences bone health
Amount and type of protein influences bone health
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DOI：
10.1093/ajcn/87.5.1567s
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发表时间：
2008-05-01
影响因子：
7.1
通讯作者：
Layman, Donald K.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Heaney, Robert P.;Layman, Donald K.
影响骨量的因素很多。蛋白质已被确定为对骨骼健康既有害又有益，这取决于多种因素，包括饮食中的蛋白质水平、蛋白质来源、钙摄入量、体重减轻和饮食的酸/碱平衡。这篇综述旨在简要描述这些因素及其与骨骼健康的关系。随着年龄的增长，骨量减少（骨质减少）和肌肉减少（肌肉减少）密切相关。影响肌肉生长的因素，包括蛋白质摄入量，也会影响骨量。骨质、肌肉和力量的变化在人的一生中是共同的。骨骼健康是一个多因素的肌肉骨骼问题。钙和蛋白质的摄入量相互作用，建设性地影响骨骼健康。钙和蛋白质的摄入量必须足够，以充分实现每种营养素对骨骼的益处。骨骼健康的最佳蛋白质摄入量可能高于目前的推荐摄入量，特别是在老年人中。对膳食蛋白质增加尿钙的担忧似乎被吸收的增加所抵消。同样，与水果和蔬菜的碱化作用相比，蛋白质对酸产生的影响似乎微不足道。也许更多的关注应该集中在增加水果和蔬菜的摄入量，而不是减少蛋白质的来源。公共卫生专业人员的问题是，鉴于骨质疏松症和肌肉减少症的流行，是否应该增加推荐的蛋白质摄入量。
Many factors influence bone mass. Protein has been identified as being both detrimental and beneficial to bone health, depending on a variety of factors, including the level of protein in the diet, the protein source, calcium intake, weight loss, and the acid/base balance of the diet. This review aims to briefly describe these factors and their relation to bone health. Loss of bone mass (osteopenia) and loss of muscle mass (sarcopenia) that occur with age are closely related. Factors that affect muscle anabolism, including protein intake, also affect bone mass. Changes in bone mass, muscle mass, and strength track together over the life span. Bone health is a multifactorial musculoskeletal issue. Calcium and protein intake interact constructively to affect bone health. Intakes of both calcium and protein must be adequate to fully realize the benefit of each nutrient on bone. Optimal protein intake for bone health is likely higher than current recommended intakes, particularly in the elderly. Concerns about dietary protein increasing urinary calcium appear to be offset by increases in absorption. Likewise, concerns about the impact of protein on acid production appear to be minor compared with the alkalinizing effects of fruits and vegetables. Perhaps more concern should be focused on increasing fruit and vegetable intake rather than reducing protein sources. The issue for public health professionals is whether recommended protein intakes should be increased, given the prevalence of osteoporosis and sarcopenia.