Methods to assess human occupancy and occupant activity in hospital patient rooms
Methods to assess human occupancy and occupant activity in hospital patient rooms
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DOI：
10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.03.029
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发表时间：
2015-08-01
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Siegel, Jeffrey A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dedesko, Sandra;Stephens, Brent;Siegel, Jeffrey A.
尽管有关如何经济有效地评估所有类型建筑中的居住者指标的信息有限，但居住者对室内环境有着深远的影响。作为医院微生物组项目的一部分，对伊利诺伊州芝加哥一家新医院的 10 个单人病房进行了多种占用情况（即占用者数量及其存在时间）和占用者活动（即占用者通过房间门口移动的次数）测量，总体目标是确定占用者特征，为人类与微生物群落之间相互作用的调查提供信息。使用以下数据开发了四种相对低成本、非侵入性的方法来估计时间分辨占用率和占用者活动：(1) 安装在病房和每个房间的送风气流中的二氧化碳浓度传感器，以及 (2) 安装在每个病房门口的非定向门道断束传感器。利用来自两个传感器的数据的方法产生了最准确的估计，并用于表征随时间变化的占用和占用者活动。各个房间的每日入住率各不相同，中位数为每小时 0 至 3 人。占用者活动平均变化较小（每小时大约 8 次门口移动），但某些病房在某些日子达到较高水平。估计占用率和占用者活动之间没有观察到一致的关系，这表明无法从一个指标推断出另一个指标。这项研究表明，这种双传感器方法提供了一种相对便宜、非侵入性、准确的方法来估计具有严格隐私和安全限制的环境中的占用情况和占用者活动。 (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. 保留所有权利。
Human occupants have a profound influence on indoor environments, although there is limited information on means to cost-effectively assess occupant metrics in all types of buildings. Multiple measures of occupancy (i.e., the number of occupants and the duration of their presence) and occupant activity (i.e., the number of occupant movements through room doorways) were investigated in ten single-patient rooms in a new hospital in Chicago, Illinois as part of the Hospital Microbiome Project, with the overarching goal of determining occupant characteristics to inform an investigation of interactions between humans and microbial communities. Four relatively low-cost, non-invasive methods to estimate time-resolved occupancy and occupant activity were developed using data from (1) CO2 concentration sensors installed in patient rooms and the supply air streams serving each room and (2) non-directional doorway beam-break sensors installed at each patient room doorway. A method that utilized data from both sensors produced the most accurate estimates and was used to characterize time-varying occupancy and occupant activity. Daily occupancy varied among rooms, with median values ranging from 0 to 3 persons per hour. Occupant activity exhibited less variation on average (approximately 8 doorway movements per hour), but reached high levels on certain days for some patient rooms. No consistent relationship was observed between estimated occupancy and occupant activity, indicating that one metric cannot be inferred from the other. This study shows that this dual-sensor methodology provides a relatively inexpensive, non-invasive, accurate approach to estimate occupancy and occupant activity in an environment with rigorous privacy and security limitations. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.