RINGELMANN EFFECT - STUDIES OF GROUP SIZE AND GROUP PERFORMANCE
RINGELMANN EFFECT - STUDIES OF GROUP SIZE AND GROUP PERFORMANCE
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-1031(74)90033-x
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发表时间：
1974-01-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
PECKHAM, V
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
INGHAM, AG;LEVINGER, G;PECKHAM, V
Ringelmann的经典发现在拉绳任务中增加同事会导致单个小组成员的平均表现线性下降，这一发现被实验重新检验。研究一试图复制的效果，使用组的主题范围从1到6的大小。当群体规模从一个个体增加到两个或三个个体时，表现会显著下降，但是增加第四个、第五个或第六个成员会产生不显著的额外递减;因此，这种影响不是线性的，而是曲线的。研究II旨在研究绩效损失的可能来源，分离“协调”和“动机”损失的因素（Steiner，1972）。成员间不协调的可能性被消除，而动力损失仍然可以自由变化：每个实验对象单独拉动，或者在他认为有一到五个其他成员的“小组”中拉动。再一次，个人绩效随着第一个和第二个感知的同事的加入而显著下降，但随后在感知的团队规模为3到6时趋于平稳。一些影响进行了讨论。
Ringelmann's classic finding—that the addition of co-workers in a rope-pulling task leads to a linear decrement in the individual group member's average performance—was reexamined experimentally. Study I attempted to replicate the effect, using groups of subjects ranging in size from 1 to 6. Performance dropped significantly as group size was increased from one individual to two or to three, but the addition of a fourth, fifth, or sixth member produced insignificant additional decrements; thus, the effect was not linear but curvilinear. Study II was designed to examine possible sources of performance loss, separating the factors of “coordination” and “motivation” loss (Steiner, 1972). The possibility of intermember incoordination was eliminated, while motivation loss remained free to vary: Each experimental subject pulled alone, and in “groups” where he believed there were from one to five other members. Once again, individual performance declined significantly with the addition of the first and second perceived co-worker, but then leveled off for perceived group sizes three to six. Some implications are discussed.