Influenza Sentinel Surveillance in Rwanda, 2008-2010
Influenza Sentinel Surveillance in Rwanda, 2008-2010
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DOI：
10.1093/infdis/jis574
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发表时间：
2012-12-15
影响因子：
6.4
通讯作者：
Karema, Corine
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nyatanyi, Thierry;Nkunda, Richard;Karema, Corine
背景。 2008年，卢旺达建立了流感哨点监测（ISS）系统，以描述流感的流行病学并监测新型甲型流感病毒的出现。我们报告2008年8月至2010年7月的监测结果。方法。我们通过监测 6 家医院的流感样疾病 (ILI) 和严重急性呼吸道感染 (SARI) 患者来开展 ISS。对于每个病例，收集了人口统计和临床数据、1 份鼻咽标本和 1 份口咽标本。在卢旺达国家参比实验室通过实时逆转录聚合酶链反应对标本进行了甲型和乙型流感病毒检测。结果。共发现 1916 例病例（945 例流感样病例和 971 例严重急性呼吸道感染）。其中，29.2%（n = 276）的 ILI 病例和 10.4%（n = 101）的 SARI 病例流感检测呈阳性。在流感阳性病例总数中 (n = 377)，71.8% (n = 271) 为甲型 H1N1 pdm09、5.6% (n = 21) 甲型流感 (H1)、7.7% (n = 29) 甲型流感 (H3)、1.6% (n = 6) 甲型流感（非亚型）和 13.3% (n = 50) 流感B. 流感病毒阳性率在 10 月至 11 月和 2 月至 3 月降雨高峰期间最高。结论。 ISS 的实施首次能够描述卢旺达流感的流行病学和季节性特征。未来的工作应确定基于人群的流感负担，为有针对性的疫苗接种等干预措施提供信息。
Background. In 2008, Rwanda established an influenza sentinel surveillance (ISS) system to describe the epidemiology of influenza and monitor for the emergence of novel influenza A viruses. We report surveillance results from August 2008 to July 2010.Methods. We conducted ISS by monitoring patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) at 6 hospitals. For each case, demographic and clinical data, 1 nasopharyngeal specimen, and 1 oropharyngeal specimen were collected. Specimens were tested by real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction for influenza A and B viruses at the National Reference Laboratory in Rwanda.Results. A total of 1916 cases (945 ILI and 971 SARI) were identified. Of these, 29.2% (n = 276) of ILI and 10.4% (n = 101) of SARI cases tested positive for influenza. Of the total influenza-positive cases (n = 377), 71.8% (n = 271) were A(H1N1) pdm09, 5.6% (n = 21) influenza A(H1), 7.7% (n = 29) influenza A(H3), 1.6% (n = 6) influenza A (unsubtyped), and 13.3% (n = 50) influenza B. The percentage of positivity for influenza viruses was highest in October-November and February-March, during peaks in rainfall.Conclusions. The implementation of ISS enabled characterization of the epidemiology and seasonality of influenza in Rwanda for the first time. Future efforts should determine the population-based influenza burden to inform interventions such as targeted vaccination.