Women's leadership in neuropsychology: historical perspectives, present trends, and future directions.
Women's leadership in neuropsychology: historical perspectives, present trends, and future directions.
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女性在神经心理学领域的领导地位：历史观点、当前趋势和未来方向。
DOI：
10.1080/13854046.2017.1420234
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Shear,PaulaK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Sachs,BonnieC;Benitez,Andreana;Buelow,MelissaT;Gooding,Amanda;Schaefer,LynnA;Sim,AnitaH;Tussey,ChriscelynM;Shear,PaulaK
目的尽管心理学已成为女性主导的领域，但这种性别表征模式在神经心理学专业中并不成立。近年来，越来越多的女性开始从事神经心理学事业，虽然男性和女性神经心理学家的平衡整体上发生了变化，但尚不清楚领导层的性别构成是否也发生了变化。我们的目标是调查各种神经心理学组织、培训项目、编辑委员会和授予委员会认证的组织，以确定神经心理学领域当前领导职位的性别构成。方法通过文献综述来检查神经心理学、心理学、医学和学术界性别构成的过去趋势。有关该领域当前性别构成的数据是从公开网站以及通过与主要心理和神经心理学组织代表的个人沟通中挑选出来的。结果我们发现，该领域的整体构成随着时间的推移而发生了变化，但领导职位上的显着性别差异仍然存在。在大多数神经心理学组织、神经心理学期刊的编辑委员会以及主要神经心理学组织的研究员职位中，女性仍然占少数。培训项目和 ABPP/ABCN 董事会认证的董事职位已经实现了更公平的代表性。结论我们回顾了神经心理学领导力中性别差异的历史趋势，并在学术界、研究和医学更广泛的领域内讨论这些趋势。最后，我们总结了造成这些差异的潜在原因，包括工作与生活平衡问题、歧视、制度偏见和各种其他因素。我们还提供务实的建议来帮助解决这些持续存在的差异。
ObjectiveAlthough psychology has become a female-dominated field, this pattern of gender representation has not held true within the specialty of neuropsychology. In recent years more women have been pursuing careers in neuropsychology, and while the balance of male and female neuropsychologists as a whole has shifted, it is unclear whether the gender composition of leadership has also changed. Our goal was to survey various neuropsychological organizations, training programs, editorial boards, and organizations granting board certification to determine the current gender composition of leadership positions within neuropsychology.MethodA literature review was conducted to examine past trends of gender composition in neuropsychology, psychology, medicine, and academia. Data on current gender compositions of the field were culled from publicly available websites and through personal communication with representatives from major psychological and neuropsychological organizations.ResultsWe found that the overall composition of the field has changed over time, but notable gender disparities in leadership positions remain. Women still comprise the minority of leadership positions within most neuropsychological organizations, editorial boards for neuropsychology journals, and fellow positions in major neuropsychological organizations. More equitable representation has been achieved in the directorships of training programs and ABPP/ABCN board certification.ConclusionWe review the historical trends in gender discrepancies in leadership in neuropsychology and discuss these within the broader arenas of academia, research, and medicine. We conclude with a summary addressing potential causes for these discrepancies, including work-life balance issues, discrimination, institutional bias, and various other factors. We also provide pragmatic suggestions to help address these continued disparities.