The scientific basis of caloric restriction leading to longer life
The scientific basis of caloric restriction leading to longer life
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DOI：
10.1097/mog.0b013e32831ef1ba
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Fontana, Luigi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fontana, Luigi
综述的目的本综述讨论了有关热量限制在调节新陈代谢和衰老方面的影响的当前知识状况。最新发现目前没有任何干预措施或基因操作可以预防、阻止或逆转衰老过程。然而，有许多干预措施可以减缓实验动物的衰老，并将最大寿命延长至 60%。长期限制热量而不造成营养不良以及减少胰岛素/IGF-1信号通路的功能突变是已知可延长啮齿类动物最大寿命和健康寿命的最强有力的干预措施。尽管目前尚不清楚长期热量限制和充足营养是否可以延长人类的最大寿命，但我们确实知道，长期热量限制而不营养不良会导致一些与热量限制啮齿类动物的长寿相关的相同代谢和激素适应。此外，限制热量和充足的营养可以预防肥胖、2 型糖尿病、高血压和动脉粥样硬化，这些是发病、残疾和死亡的主要原因。总结需要更多的研究来阐明热量限制对人类有益影响的分子机制，并确定新的衰老/长寿标志物，以帮助临床医生预测死亡率和寿命。 一般人群的发病率。
Purpose of the reviewThe present review discusses the current state of knowledge regarding the effects of calorie restriction in modulating metabolism and aging.Recent findingsThere are currently no interventions or gene manipulations that can prevent, stop or reverse the aging process. However, there are a number of interventions that can slow down aging and prolong maximal lifespan up to 60% in experimental animals. Long-term calorie restriction without malnutrition and reduced function mutations in the insulin/IGF-1 signaling pathway are the most robust interventions known to increase maximal lifespan and healthspan in rodents. Although it is currently not known if long-term calorie restriction with adequate nutrition extends maximal lifespan in humans, we do know that long-term calorie restriction without malnutrition results in some of the same metabolic and hormonal adaptations related to longevity in calorie restriction rodents. Moreover, calorie restriction with adequate nutrition protects against obesity, type 2 diabetes, hypertension and atherosclerosis, which are leading causes of morbidity, disability and mortality.SummaryMore studies are needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of calorie restriction in humans and to characterize new markers of aging/longevity that can assist clinicians in predicting mortality and morbidity of the general population.