Late Holocene erosion in upland Britain: climatic deterioration or human influence?
Late Holocene erosion in upland Britain: climatic deterioration or human influence?
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英国高地的全新世晚期侵蚀：气候恶化还是人类影响？
DOI：
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发表时间：
1991
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
C. Ballantyne
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Ballantyne
评估了晚全新世英国高地侵蚀增强的证据。虽然有广泛的证据表明，高原上的土壤侵蚀是近期发生的，但这并没有被精确地确定年代。放射性碳年代测定证实了晚全新世高地上的土壤活动，但只有一个地点发现了最近加速活动的证据。然而，有几个地区已经获得了晚全新世碎屑锥堆积的证据，苏格兰高地的部分地区在过去几个世纪中经历了泥石流活动的急剧增加。过度放牧或焚烧造成的气候恶化和植被退化经常被认为是侵蚀加剧的原因，但因果关系往往只是时间上的巧合。因此，只有间接证据将侵蚀与气候恶化联系起来，尽管在少数地点已更牢固地确立了人为影响。极端事件在高地侵蚀起始阶段的作用是不确定的。
The evidence for enhanced erosion in upland Britain during the Late Holocene is evaluated. Though there is widespread evidence for recent soil erosion on high plateaux, this has not been precisely dated. Radiocarbon dating confirms the occurrence of Late Holocene solifluction on high ground, but at only one site has evidence been found for recent accelerated activity. Several areas, however, have yielded evidence of Late Holocene debris cone accumulation, and parts of the Scottish Highlands experienced a drastic increase in debris flow activity over the past few centuries. Climatic deterioration and vegetation degradation resulting from overgrazing or burning are frequently cited as the causes of enhanced erosion, but cause and effect are often related only by coincidence of timing. In consequence, only circumstantial evidence links erosion with climatic deterioration, though anthropogenic influences have been more firmly established at a few sites. The role of extreme events in initiating phases of upland erosion is uncertain.