Detection of organic compounds with whole-cell bioluminescent bioassays.
Detection of organic compounds with whole-cell bioluminescent bioassays.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-662-43385-0_4
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Sayler G
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Xu T;Close D;Smartt A;Ripp S;Sayler G
天然和人造有机化学品广泛沉积在各种生态系统中，包括空气、地表水、地下水、废水、土壤、沉积物和海洋环境。一些有机化合物尽管具有工业价值，但对生物体有毒，并对人类和野生动物构成重大健康风险。因此，对环境基质中这些有机污染物的检测和监测具有很大的意义，需要进行补救和健康风险评估。虽然这些检测传统上是使用分析化学方法进行的，这些方法提供了对目标化合物的高度敏感和特异性识别，但这些方法需要专门的设备和受过培训的操作人员，并且无法描述对活生物体的潜在生物可利用性影响。或者，将生物发光系统整合到全细胞生物报告器中，为有机化合物检测提供了新的能力。这些生物报告基因是通过将报告基因整合到存在于活细胞内的分解代谢或信号传导途径中来构建的，并在暴露于目标化学品时发射可被检测到的生物发光信号。虽然与分析方法相比相对不那么具体，但生物发光生物测定更具成本效益，更快速，可以扩展到更高的通量，并且可以设计为不仅报告目标物质的存在，而且报告目标物质的生物利用度。本章综述了细菌和真核生物的全细胞生物报告传感有机污染物和它们的应用在各种样品基质。
Natural and manmade organic chemicals are widely deposited across a diverse range of ecosystems including air, surface water, groundwater, wastewater, soil, sediment, and marine environments. Some organic compounds, despite their industrial values, are toxic to living organisms and pose significant health risks to humans and wildlife. Detection and monitoring of these organic pollutants in environmental matrices therefore is of great interest and need for remediation and health risk assessment. Although these detections have traditionally been performed using analytical chemical approaches that offer highly sensitive and specific identification of target compounds, these methods require specialized equipment and trained operators, and fail to describe potential bioavailable effects on living organisms. Alternatively, the integration of bioluminescent systems into whole-cell bioreporters presents a new capacity for organic compound detection. These bioreporters are constructed by incorporating reporter genes into catabolic or signaling pathways that are present within living cells and emit a bioluminescent signal that can be detected upon exposure to target chemicals. Although relatively less specific compared to analytical methods, bioluminescent bioassays are more cost-effective, more rapid, can be scaled to higher throughput, and can be designed to report not only the presence but also the bioavailability of target substances. This chapter reviews available bacterial and eukaryotic whole-cell bioreporters for sensing organic pollutants and their applications in a variety of sample matrices.