Cognitive evaluation of human-human and human-machine cooperation modes in air traffic control
Cognitive evaluation of human-human and human-machine cooperation modes in air traffic control
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DOI：
10.1207/s15327108ijap0801_1
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lemoine, MP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hoc, JM;Lemoine, MP
在大型仿真机上，对空中交通管制中飞机间冲突解决的动态任务分配原理进行了实验研究。它包括三个认知代理：雷达控制器（RC），负责冲突检测和解决；计划控制员（PC），负责出入境协调和工作量调节；以及一个冲突解决计算机系统（SAINTEX），它只能处理简单的冲突。在这个三代理范例中，比较了三种情况：(a)控制条件（没有计算机辅助）；(b)明确的条件（PC和RC负责分配）；(c)辅助显式条件（SAINTEX提出的可由PC更改的分配）。在对口头协议进行详细的认知分析的基础上进行了比较。辅助越多，控制器的操作模式越具有预见性，人机合作（HHC）越容易实现。计算机支持的这些积极影响表现为工作量的减少和共享信息空间的增加。此外，控制者越觉得自己有责任分配任务，他们对机器操作的批评就越多。
An experiment is described that aimed at evaluating a principle of dynamic task allocation (DTA) of conflict resolution between aircraft in air-traffic control on a large scale simulator. It included three cognitive agents: the radar controller (RC), in charge of conflict detection and resolution; the planning controller (PC), in charge of entry-exit coordination and of workload regulation; and a conflict resolution computer system (SAINTEX), able to manage only simple conflicts. Within this three-agent paradigm, three conditions were compared: (a) a control condition (without computer assistance); (b) an explicit condition (PC and RC in charge of the allocation); and (c) an assisted explicit condition (SAINTEX proposed allocations which could be changed by PC). Comparisons were made on the basis of a detailed cognitive analysis of verbal protocols. The more the assistance, the more anticipative the mode of operation in controllers and the easier the human-human cooperation (HHC). These positive effects of the computer support are interpreted in terms of decreased workload and increased shared information space. In addition, the more the controllers felt responsible for task allocation, the more they criticized the machine operation.