Predator size and prey size-gut capacity ratios determine kill frequency and carcass production in terrestrial carnivorous mammals
Predator size and prey size-gut capacity ratios determine kill frequency and carcass production in terrestrial carnivorous mammals
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DOI：
10.1111/oik.05488
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发表时间：
2019-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Janssens, Geert P. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Cuyper, Annelies;Clauss, Marcus;Janssens, Geert P. J.
食肉动物的捕杀频率是捕食者-被捕食者相互作用的基本组成部分，而捕食者-被捕食者相互作用是生态系统的重要塑造者。目前的现场杀死频率数据是罕见的，现有的模型是不充分适应食肉动物的功能群。我们开发了一个杀死频率模型占食肉动物质量，猎物质量，包大小，部分消费的猎物和食肉动物肠道容量。根据胃容量（C）和群体校正猎物质量（iMprey）之间的关系，建立了两个主要的食肉动物功能群，小型猎物饲养者和大型猎物饲养者。虽然大多数小型捕食者低于体重，而大型捕食者高于体重10-20公斤，但两者都发生在整个体型范围内，表明这种二分法与体型相关的生态学而不是生理学有关。该模型预测的捕食者的大小和杀死频率为大型捕食者之间的负相关关系。然而，对于小型捕食者来说，这种负相关是不存在的。当比较食肉动物对猎物的需求与估计的胃容量时，小型食肉动物可能必须每天重复进食，需要快速消化和肠道清除。大型食肉动物不一定每天都要吃到胃的全部容量，或者不需要每天都吃，这反过来又降低了杀死频率或驱动其他生态过程，如清除，盗寄生和部分尸体消耗。在生态条件允许的情况下，大量捕食对食肉动物似乎有吸引力，从而可以减少与狩猎有关的活动。对于大型食肉动物来说尤其如此，由于它们相对较大的肠道容量，它们可以明显减少狩猎活动。
Carnivore kill frequency is a fundamental part of predator-prey interactions, which are important shapers of ecosystems. Current field kill frequency data are rare and existing models are insufficiently adapted to carnivore functional groups. We developed a kill frequency model accounting for carnivore mass, prey mass, pack size, partial consumption of prey and carnivore gut capacity. Two main carnivore functional groups, small prey-feeders versus large prey-feeders, were established based on the relationship between stomach capacity (C) and pack corrected prey mass (iMprey). Although the majority of small prey-feeders is below, and of large prey-feeders above a body mass of 10-20 kg, both occur across the whole body size spectrum, indicating that the dichotomy is rather linked to body size-related ecology than physiology. The model predicts a negative relationship between predator size and kill frequency for large prey-feeders. However, for small prey-feeders, this negative relationship was absent. When comparing carnivore prey requirements to estimated stomach capacity, small carnivores may have to eat to their full capacity repeatedly per day, requiring fast digestion and gut clearance. Large carnivores do not necessarily have to eat to full gastric capacity per day, or do not need to eat every day, which in turn reduces kill frequencies or drives other ecological processes such as scavenging, kleptoparasitism, and partial carcass consumption. Where ecological conditions allow, large prey-feeding appears attractive for carnivores, which can thus reduce activities related to hunting. This is particularly so for large carnivores, who can achieve distinct reductions in hunting activity due to their relatively large gut capacity.