OVERNIGHT CAFFEINE ABSTINENCE AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT OF PREFERENCE FOR CAFFEINE-CONTAINING DRINKS
OVERNIGHT CAFFEINE ABSTINENCE AND NEGATIVE REINFORCEMENT OF PREFERENCE FOR CAFFEINE-CONTAINING DRINKS
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DOI：
10.1007/bf02245818
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发表时间：
1995-08-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
ELLIMAN, NA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ROGERS, PJ;RICHARDSON, NJ;ELLIMAN, NA
有人认为，对咖啡和茶等味道、风味和香气的喜爱是通过经典调节过程获得的，涉及这些口腔感觉线索与咖啡因摄入的精神药理学后果的关联。因此，本研究通过评估对含有或不含咖啡因的新型饮料的偏好变化来研究咖啡因强化。特别注意使用“生态有效”的程序；也就是说，隔夜戒除咖啡因，然后在早餐时喝一杯咖啡等量的咖啡因（70 毫克）。咖啡因对习惯性低咖啡因摄入量的受试者的饮酒偏好或情绪没有显着影响。相比之下，适量摄入咖啡因的人相对不喜欢不含咖啡因的饮料，并在隔夜戒除咖啡因后表现出一定程度的情绪低落（例如，不那么活泼、头脑清醒和开朗），而咖啡因则显着改善了这种情况。这些与其他最近的结果一起强烈表明，在日常生活中，咖啡因强化可以作为咖啡因减轻隔夜咖啡因戒断的不利影响的结果（负强化）。他们还证明了这种风味调节程序的实用性，可以应用于更广泛的药物增强特性研究。
It has been suggested that liking for the taste, flavour and aroma of, for example, coffee and tea is acquired through the process of classical conditioning, involving association of these orosensory cues with the psychopharmacological consequences of caffeine ingestion. Accordingly, this study investigated caffeine reinforcement by assessing changes in preference for a novel drink consumed with or without caffeine. Particular care was taken to use ''ecologically valid'' procedures; that is, overnight caffeine abstinence followed by a cup-of-coffee equivalent dose of caffeine (70 mg) at breakfast. Caffeine had no significant effects on drink preference or mood in subjects with habitually low intakes of caffeine. In contrast, moderate users of caffeine developed a relative dislike for the drink lacking caffeine and showed somewhat lowered mood following overnight caffeine abstinence (e.g., less lively, clearheaded and cheerful), which was significantly improved by caffeine. These together with other recent results strongly suggest that, in everyday life, caffeine reinforcement can occur as the result of the alleviation by caffeine of the adverse effects of overnight caffeine abstinence (negative reinforcement). They also demonstrate the utility of this flavour-conditioning procedure, which could be applied in the wider investigation of the reinforcing properties of drugs.