The nitrogen gap in soil health concepts and fertility measurements
The nitrogen gap in soil health concepts and fertility measurements
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DOI：
10.1016/j.soilbio.2022.108856
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
9.7
通讯作者：
A. S. Grandy;Amanda B. Daly;Timothy M. Bowles;A. Gaudin;Andrea Jilling;Andrea Leptin;M. McDaniel;Jordon Wade;Hannah Waterhouse
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文献类型：
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作者：
A. S. Grandy;Amanda B. Daly;Timothy M. Bowles;A. Gaudin;Andrea Jilling;Andrea Leptin;M. McDaniel;Jordon Wade;Hannah Waterhouse
土壤氮(N)往往限制农业生态系统的生产力，促使化肥的使用增加作物产量，但可能会破坏环境。氮在生产力和环境质量方面的双重作用应该成为土壤健康框架的核心。我们利用最近的证据论证了N有效性是土壤综合生物地球化学系统的一个紧急性质，并且强烈地受到植物特性及其与微生物和矿物质的相互作用的影响。在此基础上，我们的理论是，植物和微生物氮的来源跨越土壤健康梯度转移，从土壤健康较差的生态简单系统中对无机氮的依赖，到健康土壤中高度网络化的有机氮供应；因此，对土壤健康的投资应该增加生态复杂性和植物获取氮的途径，导致在多变气候下更具弹性的养分供应和产量。然而，当前的氮素评估方法源于历史上对无机氮库大小的强调，无法捕捉土壤健康梯度上氮素有效性的变化驱动因素。我们强调需要更好地了解调节生物有效氮的植物-微生物-矿物相互作用，这是提高我们测量生物有效氮能力的第一步。我们的结论是，有必要利用农业生态系统的复杂性，考虑植物和微生物的驱动因素，并仔细地将外部N输入到土壤的内部N网络中，以扩大有机池中N的生物可利用性的途径。我们认为，通过在土壤健康概念中强调氮素，研究人员可以加速氮素利用效率和弹性的进步。
Soil nitrogen (N) often limits productivity in agroecosystems, prompting fertilizer applications that increase crop yields but can degrade the environment. Nitrogen's dual role in both productivity and environmental quality should center it in soil health frameworks. We use recent evidence to argue that N availability is an emergent property of the integrated soil biogeochemical system and is strongly influenced by plant traits and their interactions with microbes and minerals. Building upon this, we theorize that the sources of plant and microbial N shift across soil health gradients, from inorganic N dependence in ecologically simple systems with poor soil health to a highly networked supply of organic N in healthy soils; ergo, investments in soil health should increase ecological complexity and the pathways by which plants can access N, leading to more resilient nutrient supplies and yields in a variable climate. However, current N assessment methods derive from a historical emphasis on inorganic N pool sizes and are unable to capture the shifting drivers of N availability across soil health gradients. We highlight the need to better understand the plant-microbial-mineral interactions that regulate bioavailable N as a first step to improving our ability to measure it. We conclude it will be necessary to harness agroecosystem complexity, account for plant and microbial drivers, and carefully integrate external N inputs into soils' internal N network to expand the routes by which N from organic pools can be made bioavailable. By emphasizing N in soil health concepts, we argue that researchers can accelerate advances in N use efficiency and resiliency.