Graffiti, greenery, and obesity in adults: secondary analysis of European cross sectional survey
Graffiti, greenery, and obesity in adults: secondary analysis of European cross sectional survey
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DOI：
10.1136/bmj.38575.664549.f7
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发表时间：
2005-09-17
影响因子：
105.7
通讯作者：
Bonnefoy, X
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ellaway, A;Macintyre, S;Bonnefoy, X
全世界的肥胖水平都很高，而且还在不断上升。超重与死亡率增加有关，并会导致多种疾病，包括缺血性心脏病、高血压、中风、糖尿病、某些癌症和胆囊疾病。肥胖的主要原因是能量摄入和消耗之间的不平衡。越来越多的人认识到，除了个人特征之外，居住地可能与健康结果有关，包括体型2和与健康有关的行为，如体育锻炼水平。很少有研究探索当地社区的哪些特征可能与这些结果或行为有关，尽管已经发现感知吸引力与身体活动水平有关。乱扔垃圾和涂鸦等不文明行为的程度与总体幸福感等较差的健康状况有关，但据我们所知，与体育活动水平无关。很少有研究使用客观测量的居住环境指标或跨不同设置的类似研究工具。根据我们之前的工作，我们假设有很多绿色植物的宜人区域
Obesity levels are high and increasing worldwide. Being overweight is linked with increased death rates and contributes to a wide range of conditions, including ischaemic heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, certain cancers, and diseases of the gall bladder. 1 The principal cause of obesity is an imbalance between energy intake and energy expenditure. And there is growing recognition that, independently of individual characteristics, place of residence may be associated with health outcomes, including body size2 and health related behaviours, such as level of physical exercise. 3Few studies have explored which features of the local neighbourhood might be related to these outcomes or behaviours, although perceived attractiveness has been found to be related to levels of physical activity. 4 Levels of incivilities, such as litter and graffiti, are associated with poorer health outcomes such as general wellbeing but not, to our knowledge, with levels of physical activity. Few studies use objectively measured indicators of the residential environment or similar research instruments across different settings. Based on our previous work, we hypothesised that areas which are pleasant with lots of greenery and few