Molecular physiology of amylin
Molecular physiology of amylin
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DOI：
10.1002/jcb.240550004
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发表时间：
1994
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
R. Pittner;K. Albrandt;K. Beaumont;L. S. Gaeta;J. Koda;C. X. Moore;J. Rittenhouse;T. Rink
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Pittner;K. Albrandt;K. Beaumont;L. S. Gaeta;J. Koda;C. X. Moore;J. Rittenhouse;T. Rink
胰淀素是一种由37个氨基酸组成的肽，首次从2型糖尿病患者胰腺的淀粉样蛋白沉积物中分离、纯化和表征。它主要由胰腺细胞和胰岛素合成和分泌。胰淀素有效减少胰岛素刺激下骨骼肌中葡萄糖与糖原结合的能力需要完整的2Cys-7Cys二硫键和COOH末端酰胺。Amylin在结构和功能上与另外两种信使蛋白，降钙素和CGRP有联系。胰淀素对骨代谢具有较强的降钙素样活性，而对脉管系统具有较弱的CGRP样活性。对于代谢反应，CGRP是一种比胰淀素稍弱的激动剂。虽然大鼠的降钙素较弱，但硬骨鱼的降钙素对胰淀素的代谢作用是非常有效的激动剂。这组肽似乎作用于相关的G蛋白偶联受体家族；最近已经克隆和表达了几种不同的降钙素受体。在许多情况下，这些受体似乎与腺苷酸环化酶偶联；最近的证据支持这样一种观点，即amylin对骨骼肌的影响至少在很大程度上是通过激活cAMP途径发生的。©1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc。
Amylin is a 37‐amino acid peptide first isolated, purified, and characterized from the amyloid deposits in the pancreases of type 2 diabetics. It is synthesized and secreted primarily from pancreatic beta cells along with insulin. The ability of amylin to potently reduce insulin‐stimulated incorporation of glucose into glycogen in skeletal muscle requires both an intact 2Cys–7Cys disulfide bond and a COOH‐terminal amide. Amylin has structural and functional relationships to two other messenger proteins, calcitonin and CGRP. Amylin has relatively potent calcitonin‐like activity on bone metabolism and weaker CGRP‐like activity on the vasculature. CGRP is a slightly weaker agonist than amylin for metabolic responses. Although rat calcitonins are weak, teleost fish calcitonins are very potent agonists for amylin's metabolic effects. This group of peptides appears to act on a family of related G protein‐coupled receptors; several variant calcitonin receptors have recently been cloned and expressed. These receptors appear to be coupled to adenylyl cyclase in many instances; recent evidence supports the view that amylin's effects on skeletal muscle occur, at least in large part, through activation of the cAMP pathway. © 1994 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.