Exposure and Emissions Monitoring during Carbon Nanofiber Production-Part I: Elemental Carbon and Iron-Soot Aerosols
Exposure and Emissions Monitoring during Carbon Nanofiber Production-Part I: Elemental Carbon and Iron-Soot Aerosols
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DOI：
10.1093/annhyg/mer073
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发表时间：
2011-11-01
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Ruda-Eberenz, Toni A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Birch, M. Eileen;Ku, Bon-Ki;Ruda-Eberenz, Toni A.
碳纳米纤维和纳米管（CNF/CNT）及其复合材料产品的生产在全球范围内不断增长。大批量生产可能会增加处理这些材料的工人的接触风险。虽然CNF/CNT的健康影响数据有限，但一些研究引起了严重的健康问题。鉴于其潜在危害的不确定性，迫切需要毒性数据和实地研究来评估CNF/CNT的暴露情况。在制造和加工CNF的设施中进行了广泛的研究。过滤器，吸附剂，级联冲击器，散装和显微镜样品，结合直接读取仪器，提供了空气污染物的补充信息。分析样品的有机碳（OC）和元素碳（EC），金属和多环芳烃（PAH），与EC作为衡量CNFs。透射电子显微镜与能量色散X射线光谱也被应用。精细/超细富铁烟灰，多环芳烃，和一氧化碳的生产副产品。以前曾报道过直接读取仪器的结果[Evans DE等人（碳纤维生产过程中的气溶胶监测：移动的直接读取采样。Ann Occup Hyg 2010;54：514-31.）]时间积分样本的结果作为本期的配套论文报告。OC和EC、金属和显微镜结果在第I部分中报道，而PAH的结果在第II部分中报道[Birch ME.（Exposure and Emissions Monitoring during Carbon Nanofiber Production-Part II：Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons.安。欧卡普。Hyg 2011; 55：1037-47.）]。设施内可吸入EC区域浓度比室外高约6-68倍，而个人呼吸区样本高达170倍。
Production of carbon nanofibers and nanotubes (CNFs/CNTs) and their composite products is increasing globally. High volume production may increase the exposure risks for workers who handle these materials. Though health effects data for CNFs/CNTs are limited, some studies raise serious health concerns. Given the uncertainty about their potential hazards, there is an immediate need for toxicity data and field studies to assess exposure to CNFs/CNTs. An extensive study was conducted at a facility that manufactures and processes CNFs. Filter, sorbent, cascade impactor, bulk, and microscopy samples, combined with direct-reading instruments, provided complementary information on air contaminants. Samples were analyzed for organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (EC), metals, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), with EC as a measure of CNFs. Transmission electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy also was applied. Fine/ultrafine iron-rich soot, PAHs, and carbon monoxide were production byproducts. Direct-reading instrument results were reported previously [Evans DE et al. (Aerosol monitoring during carbon nanofiber production: mobile direct-reading sampling. Ann Occup Hyg 2010;54:514-31.)] Results for time-integrated samples are reported as companion papers in this Issue. OC and EC, metals, and microscopy results are reported here, in Part I, while results for PAHs are reported in Part II [Birch ME. (Exposure and Emissions Monitoring during Carbon Nanofiber Production-Part II: Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons. Ann. Occup. Hyg 2011; 55: 1037-47.)]. Respirable EC area concentrations inside the facility were about 6-68 times higher than outdoors, while personal breathing zone samples were up to 170 times higher.