Pathogens transported by plastic debris: does this vector pose a risk to aquatic organisms?
Pathogens transported by plastic debris: does this vector pose a risk to aquatic organisms?
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DOI：
10.1042/etls20220022
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发表时间：
2022-10
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
J. Bowley;C. Baker-Austin;Steve Mitchell;C. Lewis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Bowley;C. Baker-Austin;Steve Mitchell;C. Lewis
微塑料是各种形状和聚合物类型的小（<5毫米）塑料颗粒，目前是海洋和淡水生态系统广泛存在的全球污染物。各种估计表明，我们的全球海洋系统中存在数万亿个微塑料颗粒，并且这些微塑料颗粒很容易被各种海洋和淡水物种通过摄食方式和生态位摄入。在这里，我们从微生物学的角度提出了与这些全球重要污染物相关的一些关键和紧迫问题。我们讨论了病原体附着在塑料表面的潜在机制。然后，我们描述了病原体（人类和动物）在微塑料上形成生物膜的能力，以及这些细菌的扩散，这可能导致它们被摄入微塑料颗粒的水生物种吸收。最后，我们通过大量案例研究讨论了不断变化的海洋系统对微塑料相关病原体引起各种疾病结果的潜力的作用。我们针对这一全球重要问题提出了一些关键且紧迫的研究问题，并提出了一个方法框架来研究如何以及为何应解决与塑料相关的病原体。
Microplastics are small (<5 mm) plastic particles of varying shapes and polymer types that are now widespread global contaminants of marine and freshwater ecosystems. Various estimates suggest that several trillions of microplastic particles are present in our global oceanic system, and that these are readily ingested by a wide range of marine and freshwater species across feeding modes and ecological niches. Here, we present some of the key and pressing issues associated with these globally important contaminants from a microbiological perspective. We discuss the potential mechanisms of pathogen attachment to plastic surfaces. We then describe the ability of pathogens (both human and animal) to form biofilms on microplastics, as well as dispersal of these bacteria, which might lead to their uptake into aquatic species ingesting microplastic particles. Finally, we discuss the role of a changing oceanic system on the potential of microplastic-associated pathogens to cause various disease outcomes using numerous case studies. We set out some key and imperative research questions regarding this globally important issue and present a methodological framework to study how and why plastic-associated pathogens should be addressed.