Interspecific transmission of a male-killing bacterium on an ecological timescale
Interspecific transmission of a male-killing bacterium on an ecological timescale
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1461-0248.2010.01502.x
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Hurst, Gregory D. D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Duron, Olivier;Wilkes, Timothy E.;Hurst, Gregory D. D.
遗传共生体是节肢动物进化生态学的重要驱动力，微生物既作为促进宿主适应的伙伴，又作为驱动宿主进化的微妙寄生虫。新的共生体通常通过横向转移形成，其中微生物共生体从一个宿主物种感染性地传递到另一个宿主物种，然后通过其新的宿主种群传播。然而，水平转移的速率被认为是足够低的，种群和共同进化过程可以近似为一个共生体与单一宿主物种相互作用的过程。在本文中，我们通过实验证明，水平转移的儿子杀手感染的Nasonia黄蜂容易发生多寄生事件（两种寄生蜂共享一个苍蝇蛹主机），并提供系统发育的证据，最近和可能正在进行的传播之间的社会成员的黄蜂利用污蝇。将实验室中估计的每次接触传播率与现场的多寄生率相结合，估计美国东部鸟巢栖息地中受感染的Nasonia vitripennis个体有12%的机会将感染传递到N。长颈鹿我们的结论是，单主机单共生体框架，因此是不足以理解人口和进化动力学在这个系统中，并告诫不要盲目接受单主机/单共生体框架。我们推测，需要一个多宿主框架的横向转移率将最有可能在共生体中看到，保留跨宿主上皮细胞的能力，这将与共生体自由生活的近因相关。
Inherited symbionts are important drivers of arthropod evolutionary ecology, with microbes acting both as partners that contribute to host adaptation, and as subtle parasites that drive host evolution. New symbioses are most commonly formed through lateral transfer, where a microbial symbiont passes infectiously from one host species to another, and then spreads through its new host population. However, the rate of horizontal transfer has been regarded as sufficiently low that population and coevolutionary processes can be approximated to one, where the symbiont interacts with a single host species. In this paper, we demonstrate experimentally that horizontal transfer of the son-killer infection of Nasonia wasps occurs readily following multi-parasitism events (two species of parasitoid wasp sharing a fly pupal host), and provide phylogenetic evidence of recent and likely ongoing transmission amongst members of the community of wasps utilizing filth flies. Combining per contact transmission rates estimated in the laboratory with rates of multiparasitism in the field produces an estimate that an infected Nasonia vitripennis individual in an Eastern US bird's nest habitat has a 12% chance of passing the infection into N. giraulti. We conclude that the single host-single symbiont framework is therefore insufficient for understanding the population and evolutionary dynamics in this system and caution against blind acceptance of the single host/single symbiont framework. We conjecture that lateral transfer rates that require a multi-host framework will most likely be seen in symbionts that retain the ability to cross host epithelia, and that this will be correlated to the recency with which the symbionts have been free living.