Gender differences in depression
Gender differences in depression
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DOI：
10.3109/09540261.2010.492391
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Brotchie, Heather
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Parker, Gordon;Brotchie, Heather
人们普遍认为，女性在抑郁症中的优势是普遍和实质性的。本审查认为，命题和解释因素。女性抑郁症发病率普遍较高的观点受到了挑战，但这一观点也有例外，有助于澄清候选解释。“真实的”和人为的解释任何这样的现象被认为是，和性别角色的变化，社会因素和生物决定因素的贡献进行了概述。虽然人为因素作出了一些贡献，它的结论是，有一个更高的顺序生物因素（神经质，“压力反应”或“边缘系统功能亢进”），主要有助于性别分化的一些表达的抑郁症和焦虑症，并反映了性腺类固醇的影响在青春期的变化。而不是得出结论，“解剖是命运”，我们赞成素质压力模型，因此占不同的流行病学调查结果。最后，性别对不同抗抑郁治疗反应的影响被简要地考虑。
It is commonly suggested that a female preponderance in depression is universal and substantial. This review considers that proposition and explanatory factors. The view that depression rates are universally higher in women is challenged with exceptions to the proposition helping clarify candidate explanations. 'Real' and artefactual explanations for any such phenomenon are considered, and the contribution of sex role changes, social factors and biological determinants are overviewed. While artefactual factors make some contribution, it is concluded that there is a higher order biological factor (variably determined neuroticism, 'stress responsiveness' or 'limbic system hyperactivity') that principally contributes to the gender differentiation in some expressions of both depression and anxiety, and reflects the impact of gonadal steroid changes at puberty. Rather than conclude that 'anatomy is destiny' we favour a diathesis stress model, so accounting for differential epidemiological findings. Finally, the impact of gender on response to differing antidepressant therapies is considered briefly.