Wolbachia-Based technologies for insect pest population control
Wolbachia-Based technologies for insect pest population control
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DOI：
10.1007/978-0-387-78225-6_9
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Bourtzis, Kostas
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文献类型：
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作者：
Bourtzis, Kostas
沃尔巴克氏菌是一组必需的细胞内和母系遗传细菌，存在于许多节肢动物物种中，包括昆虫、蠕虫、蜘蛛、跳虫、甲壳类动物以及某些线虫。几个基于聚合酶链式反应的调查表明，超过20%的节肢动物物种可能是沃尔巴克氏菌感染的，使这种细菌成为迄今所描述的最普遍的细胞内共生体。沃尔巴克氏菌最近因其作为新型环保生防剂的潜力而引起了人们的关注。沃尔巴克氏菌能够通过控制宿主的繁殖来入侵并维持自己在节肢动物物种中的地位。可以区分几种策略，其中之一是细胞质不亲和性(0)。沃尔巴克氏菌引起的细胞质不亲和性可以在以下方面得到有益的利用：(A)作为一种工具，以类似于“不育昆虫技术”(SIT)的方式控制害虫种群；(B)作为一种驱动系统，在田间节肢动物种群中传播理想的基因类型。此外，毒力强的沃尔巴克氏菌株有可能通过改变其种群年龄结构来控制媒介物种。在本章中，我总结了沃尔哈氏菌研究的最新进展，重点是沃尔哈氏菌的应用生物学，并总结了沃尔巴克氏菌研究人员如果想要利用和/或将沃尔哈赫氏菌引入与经济、环境和公共卫生相关的害虫和媒介物种，并通过基于沃尔巴克氏菌的技术来抑制或改变自然种群，他们将面临的挑战。
Wolbachia are a group of obligatory intracellular and maternally inherited bacteria found in many arthropod species, including insects, mites, spiders, springtails crustaceans, as well as in certain nematodes. Several PCR-based surveys suggest that over 20% of the arthropod species may be Wolbachia-infected, rendering this bacterium the most ubiquitous intracellular symbiont yet described. Wolbachia have recently attracted attention for their potential as novel and environmentally friendly bio-control agents. Wolbachia are able to invade and maintain themselves in the arthropod species through manipulation of the host's reproduction. Several strategies can be distinguished, one of which is cytoplasmic incompatibility (0). Wolbachia-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility can be used beneficially in the following ways: (a) as a tool for insect pest population control in a way analogous to the "Sterile Insect technique" (SIT) and (b) as a drive system to spread desirable genotypes in field arthropod populations. In addition, virulent Wolbachia strains offer the potential to control vector species by modifying their population age structure. In the present chapter, I summarize the recent developments in Wolhachia research with an emphasis on the applied biology of Wolhachia and conclude with the challenges that Wolbachia researchers will face if they want to use and/or introduce Wolhachia into pest and vector species of economic, environmental and public health relevance and, through Wolbachia-based technologies, to suppress or modify natural populations.