The Motherhood Penalty in Cross-National Perspective: The Importance of WorkFamily Policies and Cultural Attitudes
The Motherhood Penalty in Cross-National Perspective: The Importance of WorkFamily Policies and Cultural Attitudes
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DOI：
10.1093/sp/jxs006
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发表时间：
2012-06-01
期刊：
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
Boeckmann, Irene
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Budig, Michelle J.;Misra, Joya;Boeckmann, Irene
母亲的就业和收入部分取决于支持妇女有偿和无偿工作的社会政策和文化规范。以前的研究表明，工作家庭政策深受其文化背景的影响。我们研究了国家之间的差异，在母性和收入之间的关联，在文化态度，围绕妇女就业，在儿童保育和育儿假政策。我们模拟了文化态度如何缓和政策对各国妇女收入的影响。当对母亲就业的文化支持较高时，育儿假和公共托儿服务与母亲的较高收入有关，但当文化态度支持男性养家糊口者/女性照顾者模式时，育儿假和公共托儿服务与收入的关系不太积极，甚至是消极的。
Mothers employment and earnings partly depend on social policies and cultural norms supporting womens paid and unpaid work. Previous research suggests that workfamily policies are deeply shaped by their cultural context. We examine country variation in the associations between motherhood and earnings, in cultural attitudes surrounding womens employment, and in childcare and parental leave policies. We model how cultural attitudes moderate the impact of policies on womens earnings across countries. Parental leaves and public childcare are associated with higher earnings for mothers when cultural support for maternal employment is high, but have less positive or even negative relationships with earnings where cultural attitudes support the male breadwinner/female caregiver model.