New agricultural frontiers in post-conflict Sierra Leone? Exploring institutional challenges for wetland management in the Eastern Province
New agricultural frontiers in post-conflict Sierra Leone? Exploring institutional challenges for wetland management in the Eastern Province
复制标题
冲突后塞拉利昂的新农业前沿？
DOI：
10.1017/s0022278x08003212
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发表时间：
2008
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Maconachie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Maconachie
塞拉利昂最近摆脱了长期的政治动荡和内战，是世界上最贫穷的国家之一。数以千计的流离失所者正在返回他们的村庄，重建他们主要以农业为基础的生计，许多人十年来首次种植粮食作物。随着农村地区粮食生产压力的增加，政府已将内陆山谷沼泽确定为维持农村生计和通过生产稻米和其他商品实现粮食安全的重要资源。然而，以前的政府政策旨在提高湿地生产在很大程度上未能实现其目标，并已被批评忽视发展的体制挑战。借鉴最近在两个农村社区在东部省进行的实地调查，本文认为，如何在塞拉利昂的沼泽湿地的制度安排的功能，并探讨如何与冲突后环境的压力正在塑造土地利用的决定和调解获得资源的新方式。调查结果对塞拉利昂最近通过的权力下放承诺产生了影响，这一举措在理论上加强了国家在地方一级的地位，据称将为国家机构、传统领导人和社区之间增加互动创造新的空间。两个机构的挑战进行审查-获得土地和获得劳动力-必须解决，如果分散的资源管理改革是有效的湿地水稻生产。分析的结论是考虑最近的一项倡议，努力分散农业部，“农业业务单位”（ABU）的倡议，阐明一些冲突后湿地恢复所面临的挑战。
ABSTRACT Sierra Leone has recently emerged from a long period of political instability and civil war, and is ranked among the world's poorest countries. Thousands of displaced people are in the process of returning to their villages to rebuild their mainly farming-based livelihoods, and many are growing food crops for the first time in a decade. With pressure on food production increasing in rural areas, the inland valley swamps have been identified by the government as a vital resource for sustaining rural livelihoods and achieving food security through the production of rice and other commodities. However, previous government policies directed at enhanced wetland production have largely failed to achieve their goals, and have been criticised for neglecting the institutional challenges of development. Drawing on recent fieldwork carried out in two rural communities in the Eastern Province, this paper considers how institutional arrangements function in Sierra Leone's swamp wetlands, and explores how stresses associated with a post-conflict environment are shaping land-use decisions and mediating access to resources in new ways. The findings of the enquiry have implications for Sierra Leone's recently adopted commitment to decentralisation, a move that has, in theory, seen the state strengthen its position at the local level, and will allegedly create new spaces for increased interaction between state agencies, traditional leaders and communities. Two institutional challenges are examined – access to land and access to labour – that must be addressed if decentralised reforms to resource management are to be effective for wetland rice production. The analysis concludes by considering one recent initiative at the forefront of efforts to decentralise the Ministry of Agriculture, the ‘Agricultural Business Unit’ (ABU) initiative, to elucidate some of the challenges faced in post-conflict wetland rehabilitation.
DOI：
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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作者：
小浜 正子;板橋 暁子編;藤巻正己;Harizuka Mizuki
通讯作者：
Harizuka Mizuki