Toward a complete Himalayan hydrological budget: Spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt and rainfall and their impact on river discharge
Toward a complete Himalayan hydrological budget: Spatiotemporal distribution of snowmelt and rainfall and their impact on river discharge
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DOI：
10.1029/2009jf001426
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发表时间：
2010-08-10
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
Burbank, Douglas W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bookhagen, Bodo;Burbank, Douglas W.
喜马拉雅山脉河流的水文收支主要由季风降雨和融雪控制，但由于这一偏远地区缺乏密集的测量网络，它们的相对影响还没有得到很好的确定。在这里，我们使用经过验证的遥感气候参数组合来表征降雨、降雪和蒸散的时空分布，以量化它们对平均河流流量的相对贡献。降雨量是根据经过校准的、轨道的、高分辨率的热带降雨测量使命数据计算的，雪水当量是根据基于卫星得出的积雪、表面温度和太阳辐射的融雪模型计算的。我们的数据使我们能够确定时空降水模式的三个关键方面。首先，我们观察到喜马拉雅前陆的降雨量与山区的降雨量之间存在很强的脱钩：恒河平原上明显的六倍东西向降雨梯度只存在于海拔较高的地区
The hydrological budget of Himalayan rivers is dominated by monsoonal rainfall and snowmelt, but their relative impact is not well established because this remote region lacks a dense gauge network. Here, we use a combination of validated remotely-sensed climate parameters to characterize the spatiotemporal distribution of rainfall, snowfall, and evapotranspiration in order to quantify their relative contribution to mean river discharge. Rainfall amounts are calculated from calibrated, orbital, high-resolution Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission data, and snow-water equivalents are computed from a snowmelt model based on satellite-derived snow cover, surface temperature, and solar radiation. Our data allow us to identify three key aspects of the spatiotemporal precipitation pattern. First, we observe a strong decoupling between the rainfall on the Himalayan foreland versus that in the mountains: a pronounced sixfold, east-west rainfall gradient in the Ganges plains exists only at elevations