PRICING, METERING, AND EFFICIENTLY USING URBAN TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
PRICING, METERING, AND EFFICIENTLY USING URBAN TRANSPORTATION FACILITIES
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发表时间：
1973
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
W. Vickrey
中科院分区：
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作者：
W. Vickrey
这一分析的目的是要表明，道路定价不需要也确实不应该主要被看作是在私人汽车和其他形式的运输，特别是过境运输之间寻求平衡的问题。道路收费如果应用得当，可以在最拥挤的情况下大大提高道路的使用效率，在某些情况下甚至可以减少对过境的依赖。在考虑对独立通行权交通设施进行大量投资的地方，道路定价很可能会打破平衡，有利于减少而不是增加对交通服务的投资。因此，道路定价主要不是汽车利益与交通利益之争中的问题，在这种情况下，道路定价制度将被视为交通的胜利和汽车的失败。相反，道路定价对所有相关方都有很大的好处，不应被视为任何一方的失败，而应被视为理性和高效城市交通事业的胜利。/作者/
THIS ANALYSIS IS INTENDED TO DEMONSTRATE THAT ROADWAY PRICING NEED NOT, AND INDEED SHOULD NOT, BE VIEWED PRIMARILY AS A MATTER OF REDRESSING A BALANCE BETWEEN THE PRIVATE AUTOMOBILE AND OTHER FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION, ESPECIALLY TRANSIT. ROAD PRICING, PROPERLY APPLIED, CAN IN THE MOST SEVERELY CONGESTED SITUATIONS LEAD TO GREAT IMPROVEMENT IN THE EFFICIENCY WITH WHICH THE ROADWAYS ARE USED AND EVEN, IN SOME CASES, TO A REDUCED RELIANCE ON TRANSIT. WHERE HEAVY INVESTMENT IN SEPARATE-RIGHT-OF-WAY TRANSIT FACILITIES IS UNDER CONSIDERATION, ROADWAY PRICING MAY WELL TIP THE BALANCE IN FAVOR OF LESS, NOT MORE, INVESTMENT IN TRANSIT SERVICES. ROADWAY PRICING IS NOT, THEREFORE, MAINLY AN ISSUE IN THE BATTLE BETWEEN AUTOMOBILE INTERESTS AND TRANSIT INTERESTS, IN WHICH THE INSTITUTION OF ROADWAY PRICING WOULD BE REGARDED AS A VICTORY FOR TRANSIT AND A DEFEAT FOR THE AUTOMOBILE. RATHER, ROADWAY PRICING HAS A GREAT DEAL TO OFFER ALL OF THE PARTIES INVOLVED AND SHOULD BE CONSIDERED NOT A DEFEAT FOR ANYONE BUT A VICTORY FOR THE CAUSE OF RATIONAL AND EFFICIENT URBAN TRANSPORTATION. /AUTHOR/