Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: a systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes.
Assessing the potential effectiveness of food and beverage taxes and subsidies for improving public health: a systematic review of prices, demand and body weight outcomes.
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DOI：
10.1111/obr.12002
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发表时间：
2013-02
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chaloupka FJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Powell LM;Chriqui JF;Khan T;Wada R;Chaloupka FJ
税收和补贴正越来越多地被视为潜在的政策工具，以激励消费者改善其食品和饮料消费模式以及相关的健康结果。这项研究对美国最近关于含糖饮料(SSB)、快餐和水果蔬菜需求的价格弹性以及价格/税收与体重结果的直接关联的研究进行了系统的综述。根据最近的文献，对SSB、快餐、水果和蔬菜的需求价格弹性分别为−1.21、−0.52、−0.49和−0.48。将碳酸饮料税与体重结果联系起来的研究表明，对体重的影响微乎其微；然而，这些研究是基于现有的州一级销售税，这些销售税相对较低。较高的快餐价格与较低的体重结果相关，特别是在青少年中，这表明提价可能会影响体重结果。在低收入儿童和成年人中，普遍发现较低的水果和蔬菜价格与较低的体重结果有关，这表明，为社会经济水平较低的人群降低水果和蔬菜的成本的补贴可能在减少肥胖方面有效。应继续将定价工具作为应对公共健康风险的潜在政策工具加以考虑和评估。
Taxes and subsidies are increasingly being considered as potential policy instruments to incentivize consumers to improve their food and beverage consumption patterns and related health outcomes. This study provided a systematic review of recent U.S. studies on the price elasticity of demand for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), fast food and fruits and vegetables as well as the direct associations of prices/taxes with body weight outcomes. Based on the recent literature, the price elasticity of demand for SSBs, fast food, fruits and vegetables was estimated to be −1.21, −0.52, −0.49 and −0.48, respectively. The studies that linked soda taxes to weight outcomes showed minimal impacts on weight; however, they were based on existing state-level sales taxes that were relatively low. Higher fast-food prices were associated with lower weight outcomes particularly among adolescents suggesting that raising prices would potentially impact weight outcomes. Lower fruit and vegetable prices were generally found to be associated with lower body weight outcomes among both low-income children and adults suggesting that subsidies that would reduce the cost of fruits and vegetables for lower-socioeconomic populations may be effective in reducing obesity. Pricing instruments should continue to be considered and evaluated as potential policy instruments to address public health risks.
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