Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Lower Volta River, Ghana, West Africa: The Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Urban Development Nexus
Contaminants of Emerging Concern in the Lower Volta River, Ghana, West Africa: The Agriculture, Aquaculture, and Urban Development Nexus
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DOI：
10.1002/etc.5279
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发表时间：
2022-01-20
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Schoenfuss, Heiko L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chester, Anndee Huff;Gordon, Christopher;Schoenfuss, Heiko L.
新出现的污染物 (CEC) 在各大洲的水生环境中普遍存在，并且在发达国家相对众所周知。然而，很少有研究调查它们在低收入和中等收入国家的存在和生物效应。我们对加纳沃尔特河中 CEC 的存在情况进行了调查，并研究了这条具有重要经济和生态意义的非洲河流沿线的人类活动对微生物的影响。从沃尔特河口到阿科松博大坝的 118 公里河道中，乘船或从岸上采集了 14 个地点的水和沉积物样本。制备样品提取物用于抗菌 CEC、N,N-二乙基间甲苯酰胺以及全氟烷基物质和多氟烷基物质（PFAS；仅水）的针对性分析。提取同时样本来表征微生物群落和抗生素抗性基因（ARG）。所有水样中均发现抗生素和 PFAS（PFAS，2-20 ng/L）；然而，它们的浓度通常在每升低纳克范围内，低于其他非洲、欧洲和北美研究报告的浓度。所有样品中均存在 N,N-二乙基间甲苯酰胺。水（9.1 x 10(-6) 至 8.2 x 10(-3)）和沉积物（2.2 x 10(-4) 至 5.3 x 10(-2)）中检测到的不同基因数量（1 至 10）和总 ARG 浓度各不相同，与城市发展、采砂、农业和贝类加工相关的地点的基因多样性有所增加。沉积物样品中总 ARG 浓度峰值与农业有关。没有发现水质参数、CEC 存在和/或 ARG 之间存在相关性。 CEC 在沃尔特河下游的存在凸显了它们的全球影响力。检测到的 CEC 总体浓度较低，这一点令人鼓舞，再加上缓解措施，可以阻止沃尔特河未来的 CEC 污染。环境毒物化学 2022；00：1-13。 (c) 2021 年 SETAC
Contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) are ubiquitous in aquatic environments across all continents and are relatively well known in the developed world. However, few studies have investigated their presence and biological effects in low- and middle-income countries. We provide a survey of CEC presence in the Volta River, Ghana, and examine the microbial consequences of anthropogenic activities along this economically and ecologically important African river. Water and sediment samples were taken by boat or from shore at 14 sites spanning 118 km of river course from the Volta estuary to the Akosombo dam. Sample extracts were prepared for targeted analysis of antimicrobial CECs, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS; water only). Concurrent samples were extracted to characterize the microbial community and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). Antibiotics and PFAS (PFAS, 2-20 ng/L) were found in all water samples; however, their concentrations were usually in the low nanograms per liter range and lower than reported for other African, European, and North American studies. N,N-Diethyl-meta-toluamide was present in all samples. The number of different genes detected (between one and 10) and total ARG concentrations varied in both water (9.1 x 10(-6) to 8.2 x 10(-3)) and sediment (2.2 x 10(-4) to 5.3 x 10(-2)), with increases in gene variety at sites linked to urban development, sand mining, agriculture, and shellfish processing. Total ARG concentration spikes in sediment samples were associated with agriculture. No correlations between water quality parameters, CEC presence, and/or ARGs were noted. The presence of CECs in the lower Volta River highlights their global reach. The overall low concentrations of CECs detected is encouraging and, coupled with mitigation measures, can stymie future CEC pollution in the Volta River. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;00:1-13. (c) 2021 SETAC