Serotonin, stress and corticoids
Serotonin, stress and corticoids
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DOI：
10.1177/026988110001400203
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发表时间：
2000-06-01
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Chaouloff, F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chaouloff, F
有证据表明，在对厌恶刺激的神经传导反应中，应激源和大脑区域特异性选择性。本综述的目的是提供一个概述不同的急性和重复/慢性应激对5-羟色胺（5-HT）的释放和再摄取，细胞外5-HT水平，5-HT突触前和突触后受体的区域密切相关的恐惧和焦虑的控制，即中缝背核和正中核，额叶皮层，杏仁核和海马的影响。此外，我们的知识皮质激素对肾上腺素能系统在这些脑区的影响也简要地提供检查是否下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴可能发挥作用，在5-HT神经传递的应激诱导的改变。两者合计，所提出的数据加强了这样的假设，即压力影响这样的传输，部分通过皮质激素的作用。然而，我们仍然有一些关键问题没有得到回答。首先，关于作用位点和应激源的性质，由于迄今为止获得的结果的异质性，对应激的β-肾上腺素能反应的特异性的问题仍然是开放的。这可能表明，环境因素，而不是压力本身，可能有持久的后果5-HT敏感性的压力。第二，关于压力引起的5-HT传递变化在应对过程中的作用的问题，在大多数情况下没有明确的答案。与人类行为学一致，强调在评估压力对5-HT神经传递的影响时，需要考虑环境（包括早期环境）和遗传状态。这样的考虑有助于回答所提出的问题。
There is evidence for stressor- and brain region-specific selectivity in serotonergic transmission responses to aversive stimuli. The aim of the present review is to provide an overview of the effects of different acute and repeated/chronic stressors on serotonin (5-HT) release and reuptake, extracellular 5-HT levels, and 5-HT pre- and postsynaptic receptors in areas tightly linked to the control of fear and anxiety, namely the dorsal and median raphe nuclei, the frontal cortex, the amygdala and the hippocampus. In addition, our knowledge of the impacts of corticoids on serotonergic systems in these brain areas is also briefly provided to examine whether the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal axis may play a role in stress-induced alterations in 5-HT neurotransmission. Taken together, the data presented reinforce the hypothesis that stress affects such a transmission, partly through the actions of corticoids. However, we are still left with unanswered, albeit crucial questions. First, the question of the specificity of the serotonergic responses to stress, with regard to the site of action and the nature of the stressor still remains open due to the heterogeneity of the results obtained so far. This could indicate that environmental factors, other than the stressor itself, may have enduring consequences on 5-HT sensitivity to stress. Second, the question regarding the role of stress-elicited changes in 5-HT transmission within coping processes finds in most cases no clearcut answer. In keeping with human symptomatology, the need to consider the environment (including the early one) and the genetic status when assessing the effects of stress on 5-HT neurotransmission is underlined. Such a consideration could help to answer the questions raised.