Somatosensory Contribution to Motor Learning Due to Facial Skin Deformation
Somatosensory Contribution to Motor Learning Due to Facial Skin Deformation
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DOI：
10.1152/jn.00199.2010
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发表时间：
2010-09-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Ostry, David J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ito, Takayuki;Ostry, David J.
伊藤·T，Ostry DJ。面部皮肤变形对运动学习的体感贡献。神经生理学杂志104：1230-1238,2010。2010年6月30日首次出版；DOI：10.1152/jn.00199.2010。运动学习依赖于从皮肤传入和肌肉感受器获得的动觉信息。在人类手臂运动中，这两种传入的信息在很大程度上是相关的。面部皮肤提供了一种独特的情况，在这种情况下，有大量的皮肤传入，基本上没有肌肉受体，因此，涉及面部皮肤的实验操作可能被用来评估皮肤传入在运动学习中的可能作用。在这里，我们关注的是面部皮肤的变形和嘴唇在语音环境中的运动所提供的运动学习信息。我们使用机器人设备在运动前的一段时间内将面部皮肤略微拉伸到嘴侧。我们发现，在一系列训练试验的过程中，面部皮肤拉伸以一种渐进的方式增加了嘴唇的突出。当在没有负荷的情况下学习后进行测量时，这种学习表现在嘴唇运动模式的改变上。新获得的运动计划部分地概括为另一项涉及不同幅度的嘴唇运动的言语任务。对照试验表明，观察到的适应的主要来源是来自皮肤传入的感觉输入。在训练过程中，嘴唇突起的逐渐增加符合这样一个基本观点，即感觉输入的变化归因于运动表现的错误。在本研究中，感觉输入在目标运动之前，被归功于与目标相关的运动，即使皮肤拉伸在运动开始之前被释放。这支持了这样的观点，即神经系统在假设感觉输入和运动学错误是有记录的情况下产生运动命令。
Ito T, Ostry DJ. Somatosensory contribution to motor learning due to facial skin deformation. J Neurophysiol 104: 1230-1238, 2010. First published June 30, 2010; doi:10.1152/jn.00199.2010. Motor learning is dependent on kinesthetic information that is obtained both from cutaneous afferents and from muscle receptors. In human arm movement, information from these two kinds of afferents is largely correlated. The facial skin offers a unique situation in which there are plentiful cutaneous afferents and essentially no muscle receptors and, accordingly, experimental manipulations involving the facial skin may be used to assess the possible role of cutaneous afferents in motor learning. We focus here on the information for motor learning provided by the deformation of the facial skin and the motion of the lips in the context of speech. We used a robotic device to slightly stretch the facial skin lateral to the side of the mouth in the period immediately preceding movement. We found that facial skin stretch increased lip protrusion in a progressive manner over the course of a series of training trials. The learning was manifest in a changed pattern of lip movement, when measured after learning in the absence of load. The newly acquired motor plan generalized partially to another speech task that involved a lip movement of different amplitude. Control tests indicated that the primary source of the observed adaptation was sensory input from cutaneous afferents. The progressive increase in lip protrusion over the course of training fits with the basic idea that change in sensory input is attributed to motor performance error. Sensory input, which in the present study precedes the target movement, is credited to the target-related motion, even though the skin stretch is released prior to movement initiation. This supports the idea that the nervous system generates motor commands on the assumption that sensory input and kinematic error are in register.